Exotic Kondo Effects in Metals: Magnetic Ions in a Crystalline Electric Field and Tunneling Centers

Abstract

This review article provides an overview of the physics of the two-channel Kondo impurity model as manifested in two-level systems in metals and certain actinide/lanthanide ions in metals. Basic models are presented, followed by a discussion of the multiplicative renormalization group, numerical renormalization group, non-crossing approximation, conformal field theory, abelian bosonization, and Bethe-ansatz approaches to the models. An extensive discussion of experiment is presented for both classes of models, with critical attention paid to the relevance of the models to the data. Finally, a last section details other models which are related, approaches to the lattice via two impurity and infinite dimension models, and the connection of these models to exotic odd-frequency superconductivity. Also available at http://onsager.ucdavis.edu/~cox/REVIEW/drmpmain2.ps.gz