4/3-Law of Granular Particles Flowing through a Vertical Pipe
Osamu Moriyama, Naoya Kuroiwa, Mitsugu Matsushita, Hisao Hayakawa
Abstract
Density waves of granular material (sand) flowing through a vertical pipe have been investigated. Clear density waves emerge when the cock attached to bottom end of the pipe is closed. The FFT power spectra were found to show a stable power-law form P(f) f-α. The value of the exponent was evaluated as α 4/3. We also introduce a simple one-dimensional model which reproduces α= 4/3 from both simulation and theoretical analysis. (to be published in Phys.Rev.Lett.)
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