Tunneling Via Individual Electronic States in Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles
S. Gueron, Mandar M. Deshmukh, E. B. Myers, D. C. Ralph
Abstract
We measure electron tunneling via discrete energy levels in ferromagnetic cobalt particles less than 4 nm in diameter, using non-magnetic electrodes. Due to magnetic anisotropy, the energy of each tunneling resonance shifts as an applied magnetic field rotates the particle's magnetic moment. We see both spin-increasing and decreasing tunneling transitions, but we do not observe the spin degeneracy at small magnetic fields seen previously in non-magnetic materials. The tunneling spectrum is denser than predicted for independent electrons, possibly due to spin-wave excitations.
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