Impurity-Induced Bound Excitations on the Surface of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8

Abstract

We have probed the effects of atomic-scale impurities on superconductivity in Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8} by performing low-temperature tunneling spectroscopy measurements with a scanning tunneling microscope. Our results show that non-magnetic defect structures at the surface create localized low-energy excitations in their immediate vicinity. The impurity-induced excitations occur over a range of energies including the middle of the superconducting gap, at the Fermi level. Such a zero bias state is a predicted feature for strong non-magnetic scattering in a d-wave superconductor.