Spontaneous plaquette dimerization in the $J_1-J_2$ Heisenberg model

Abstract

We investigate the non magnetic phase of the spin-half frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the square lattice using exact diagonalization (up to 36 sites) and quantum Monte Carlo techniques (up to 144 sites). The spin gap and the susceptibilities for the most important crystal symmetry breaking operators are computed. A genuine and somehow unexpected `plaquette RVB', with spontaneously broken translation symmetry and no broken rotation symmetry, comes out from our numerical simulations as the most plausible ground state for $J_2/J_1 \simeq 0.5 $.