Null vector fields in spaces with affine connections and metrics. Doppler's effect, Hubble's effect, and aberration's effect

Abstract

The notion of null (isotropic) vector field is considered in spaces with affine connections and metrics as models of space or space-time. On its basis the propagation of signals in space-time is considered. The Doppler effect is generalized for these types of spaces. The notions of standard (longitudinal) Doppler effect and transversal Doppler effect are introduced. On their grounds, the Hubble effect and the aberration effect appear as Doppler effects with explicit forms of the centrifugal (centripetal) and Coriolis velocity vector fields in spaces with affine connections and metrics. The upper limit of the value of the general observed shift parameter z, generated by both the effects, based on the Doppler effects, is found to be z = 1.41. Doppler's effects, Hubble's effect, and aberration's effect could be used in mechanics of continuous media and in other classical field theories in the same way as the standard Doppler effect is used in classical and relativistic mechanics. PACS numbers: 04.20.Cv; 04.50.+h; 04.40.b; 04.90.+e; 83.10.Bb