An exact Lagrangian integral for the Newtonian gravitational field strength

Abstract

An exact expression for the gravitational field strength in a self-gravitating dust continuum is derived within the Lagrangian picture of continuum mechanics. From the Euler-Newton system a transport equation for the gravitational field strength is formulated and then integrated along trajectories of continuum elements. The resulting integral solves one of the Lagrangian equations of the corresponding Lagrange-Newton system in general. Relations to known exact solutions without symmetry in Newtonian gravity are discussed. The presented integral may be employed to access the non-perturbative regime of structure formation in Newtonian cosmology, and to apply iterative Lagrangian schemes to solve the Lagrange-Newton system.