Total recoil: the maximum kick from nonspinning black-hole binary inspiral

Abstract

When unequal-mass black holes merge, the final black hole receives a ``kick'' due to the asymmetric loss of linear momentum in the gravitational radiation emitted during the merger. The magnitude of this kick has important astrophysical consequences. Recent breakthroughs in numerical relativity allow us to perform the largest parameter study undertaken to date in numerical simulations of binary black hole inspirals. We study non-spinning black-hole binaries with mass ratios from $q=M_1/M_2=1$ to $q =0.25$ ($η= q/(1 + q)^2$ from 0.25 to 0.16). We accurately calculate the velocity of the kick to within 6%, and the final spin of the black holes to within 2%. A maximum kick of $175.2\pm11$ km s$^{-1}$ is achieved for $η= 0.195 \pm 0.005$.