Gravitational Force by Point Particle in Static Einstein Universe

Abstract

The gravitaional force produced by a point particle, like the sun, in the background of the static Einstein universe is studied. Both the approximate solution in the weak field limit and exact solution are obtained. The main properties of the solution are {\it i}) near the point particle, the metric approaches the Schwarzschild one and the radius of its singularity becomes larger than that of the Schwarzschild singularity, {\it ii}) far from the point particle, the metric approaches the static Einstein closed universe. The maximum length of the equator of the universe becomes smaller than that of the static Einstein universe due to the existence of the point particle. These properties show the strong correlation betweem the particle and the universe.