Cosmological particle production and generalized thermodynamic equilibrium

Abstract

With the help of a conformal, timelike Killing-vector we define generalized equilibrium states for cosmological fluids with particle production. For massless particles the generalized equilibrium conditions require the production rate to vanish and the well known ``global'' equilibrium of standard relativistic thermodynamics is recovered as a limiting case. The equivalence between the creation rate for particles with nonzero mass and an effective viscous fluid pressure follows as a consequence of the generalized equilibrium properties. The implications of this equivalence for the cosmological dynamics are discussed, including the possibility of a power-law inflationary behaviour. For a simple gas a microscopic derivation for such kind of equilibrium is given on the basis of relativistic kinetic theory.