Thermodynamic equilibrium in the expanding universe
Winfried Zimdahl, Alexander B. Balakin
Abstract
We show that a relativistic gas may be at ``global'' equilibrium in the expanding universe for any equation of state 0 < p ≤ ρ/3, provided that the gas particles move under the influence of a self-interacting, effective one-particle force in between elastic binary collisions. In the force-free limit we recover the equilibrium conditions for ultrarelativistic matter which imply the existence of a conformal timelike Killing vector.
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