Monopole effects on Polyakov loop and its gauge independence in QCD

Abstract

Monte-Carlo simulations of abelian projection in $T \neq 0$ pure lattice QCD show that 1)\ Polyakov loops written in terms of abelian link fields alone play a role of an order parameter of deconfinement transition 2)\ the abelian Polyakov loops are decomposed into contributions from Dirac strings of monopoles and from photons 3)\ vanishing of the abelian Polyakov loops in the confinement phase is due to the Dirac strings alone and the photons give a finite contribution in both phases. Moreover, these results appear to hold good in unitary gauges. This suggests that monopole condensation as the color confinement mechanism is gauge independent.