The east-west effect for atmospheric neutrinos

Abstract

The atmospheric neutrino fluxes observed by underground detectors are not symmetric for rotations around the vertical axis. The flux is largest (smallest) for the nu's traveling toward east (west). This asymmetry is the result of the effects of the geomagnetic field on the primary cosmic rays and on their showers. The size of the asymmetry is to a good approximation independent from the existence of neutrino oscillations, and can in principle be predicted without any ambiguity due to existence of unknown new physics. We show that there is an interesting hint of discrepancy between the experimental measurement of the east-west asymmetry by Super-Kamiokande and the existing theoretical predictions. We argue that the discrepancy is a real effect caused by the neglect, in the existing calculations, of the bending of the charged secondary particles (in particular of the muons) in the cosmic ray showers. The inclusion of this effect in the calculation gives results in quantitative agreeement with the data. We comment on the implications of this result for the study of neutrino oscillations.