Large Lepton Mixings Induced by Sterile Neutrino

Abstract

We assume that the mass matrix of active neutrinos has hierarchical form with small mixings, similar to quark mass matrix. We show that the large mixings between $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_\tau$ as well as between $\nu_e$ and certain combination of $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_\tau$ required by the present data can appear due to the presence of a sterile neutrino state. Two realizations of this possibility are considered: (i) Large flavor mixing appears as a result of sterile neutrino ``decoupling'' ($m_{ss} \gg m_a$), so that the active-sterile mixings are negligible. (ii) Sterile neutrino has a mass of O(1) eV and its mixing with active neutrinos can be observable. In the second case, the (3+1) scheme of neutrino mass, which also accommodates the LSND result, can be reproduced, provided the hierarchy of the mass matrix of active neutrinos is not strong (the ratio of largest to smallest elements is about two orders of magnitude). The enhancement of lepton mixing via coupling with sterile neutrino can be realized in Grand Unified theories with the see-saw mechanism of neutrino mass generation.