Hydrodynamic scaling from the dynamics of relativistic quantum field theory

Abstract

Hydrodynamic behavior is a general feature of interacting systems with many degrees of freedom constrained by conservation laws. To date hydrodynamic scaling in relativistic quantum systems has been observed in many high energy settings, from cosmic ray detections to accelerators, with large particle multiplicity final states. Here we show first evidence for the emergence of hydrodynamic scaling in the dynamics of a relativistic quantum field theory. We consider a simple scalar $λϕ^4$ model in 1+1 dimensions in the Hartree approximation and study the dynamics of two colliding kinks at relativistic speeds as well as the decay of a localized high energy density region. The evolution of the energy-momentum tensor determines the dynamical local equation of state and allows the measurement of the speed of sound. Hydrodynamic scaling emerges at high local energy densities.