Negative strange quark-chemical potential. A necessary and sufficient observable of the deconfinement phase transition in a finite baryon equilibrated state

Abstract

We consider the variation of the strange quark-chemical potential in the phase diagramme of nuclear matter, employing the order parameters and mass-scaled partition functions in each domain and enforcing flavour conservation. Assuming the region beyond the hadronic phase to be described by massive, correlated and interacting quarks, in the spirit of NJL and lattice calculations, we find the strange quark-chemical potential to attain large negative values in this domain. We propose that this change in the sign of the strange quark-chemical potential from positive in the hadronic phase to negative in the partonic, to be a unique, concise and well-defined indication of the quark deconfinement phase transition in nuclear matter. We propose also that, for a chemically equilibrated state in the deconfined region, which follows an isentropic expansion to hadronization via a second order phase transition, the fugacities of the equilibrated quark flavours, once fixed in the primordial state, remain constant throughout the hadronization process.