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Scale of Quantum Gravity

Tao Han, Scott Willenbrock

hep-pharXiv:hep-ph/0404182

Abstract

In the effective field theory of quantum gravitation coupled to Ns scalars, Nf fermions, and NV vectors, tree unitarity is violated at an energy squared of ECM2 = 20(GN N)-1, where N = 2/3Ns + Nf + 4NV and GN is Newton's constant. This is related to radiative corrections proportional to GN N E2 (where E is the typical energy), due to loops of such particles. New physics must enter before ECM=5.6 x 1018 GeV in the standard model, and 4.6 x 1018 GeV in the minimal supersymmetric standard model.

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