Phenomenological Formulae for Quarks, Baryons and Mesons

Abstract

From only two elementary quarks ($ε_{u}(0) $ and $ε_{d}(0)) $ and the symmetries of the regular rhombic dodecahedron, using phenomenological formulae, we deduced the rest masses and the intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, b and Q) of a quark spectrum. The five ground quarks of the four kinds of the deduced quarks are the five quarks of the current quark model. Then, from the quark spectrum, using sum laws and a phenomenological binding energy formula, we deduced a baryon spectrum. Finally, using the sum laws and a phenomenological binding energy formula, we deduce a meson spectrum from the quark spectrum. The intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, b and Q) of the deduced baryons and the deduced mesons are the same as those of the experimental results. The rest masses of the deduced baryons and the deduced mesons are consistent with the experimental results (98%). Most of the deduced quarks in Table 11 have already been discovered by experiments. This paper infers that there are huge constant binding energies for baryons and mesons respectively. The huge binding energies provide a possible foundation for the confinement of the quarks. This paper predicts many new baryons $Λ_{c}^{+}(6599) $, $Λ{b}^{0}(9959) $ and $Λ^{0}(3369) $, ...) and new mesons (D(6231), B(9503) and $Υ(17868) $, ...)