The Scalar Mesons, Symmetry Breaking, Three Colors and Confinement
Abstract
The same, well known, det(Sigma)+ h.c. term in effective theories, which 't Hooft showed is generated by instantons in QCD and which resolves the UA(1) problem giving mass, in particular to the η' is for three light flavors shown to give three classical minima along the UA(1) circle. The three minima are related to the Z(3) center of SU(3). The term also contributes, in a similar way as the diquark model of Jaffe, to an inverted scalar mass spectrum for the light scalars. The three vacua suggests a connection to the strong CP problem and confinement.
Turn this paper into a full lesson
ArcXiv compiles a staged curriculum from this paper: 8-12 lessons across beginner → advanced, synthesised section guides, visuals, flashcards, a quiz, exercises, and on-demand deep dives per section. Grounded in the abstract, never invented.