Phase Direct CP Violations and General Mixing Matrices

Abstract

I formulate expressions for amplitudes suitable for quantifying both modulus and phase direct CP violations. They result in M\"{o}bius transformation (MT) relations, which provide encouraging information for the search of direct CP violations in general. I apply the formulation to calculate the measurements of phase direct CP violations and strong amplitudes in $B^{\mp}\to K^{\mp}\pi^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}$ by the Belle collaboration. For the formulation, I show a versatile construction procedure for $N\times N$ Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrices, Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrices, and general unitary matrices. It clarifies the $3\times3$ cases and is useful for the beyond.