Threshold effects near the compactification scale for gauge couplings on orbifolds

Abstract

In 6D orbifold compactifications of N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories, the one-loop behaviour of the 4D {\it effective} gauge coupling and of its beta function are carefully investigated for momentum scales k^2 near the compactification scale(s). It is showed that as k^2 is crossing the compactification scale(s), there exists a smooth transition ("crossover") to a power-like behaviour of the 4D effective coupling, with a continuous one-loop beta function. Contrary to the naive expectation, the power-like behaviour sets in at momentum scales {\it smaller} than the compactification scale, to suggest a {\it global} effect of the Kaluza-Klein modes even below this scale. We argue that the experimental observation of such behaviour is not necessarily a quantum effect of the compactification, as often thought, and is dominated by classical effects. Special attention is paid to convergence issues near compactification scale(s) and to the scheme dependence of the results.