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A Z2 Origin for B+L Violation in the Hot Electroweak Theory

Minos Axenides, Andrei Johansen, Holger Bech Nielsen, Ola Törnkvist

hep-pharXiv:hep-ph/9509354

Abstract

The space of static finite-energy configurations of the electroweak theory admits a Z2 topological structure. Odd-parity configurations with odd pure-gauge behavior at spatial infinity (S sphaleron, W-Z strings, multisphalerons) mediate rapid B+L violation in the Early Universe. Configurations with even pure-gauge behavior (S* sphalerons, W-Z strings, multisphalerons) are trivial and topologically equivalent to the vacuum.

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