Width Difference in the $B_s-\bar{B_s}$ System

Abstract

We use the heavy quark expansion to investigate the width difference $\Delta\Gamma_{B_s}$ between the $B_s$ mass eigenstates. The corrections of ${\cal O}(\Lambda_{QCD}/m_b)$ and ${\cal O}(m_s/m_b)$ to the leading order expression in the operator product expansion are derived and estimated to yield a sizable reduction of the leading result for $\Delta\Gamma_{B_s}$ by typically $30\%$. For completeness we also quantify small effects due to penguin operators and CKM suppressed contributions. Based on our results we discuss the prediction for $(\Delta\Gamma/\Gamma)_{B_s}$ with particular emphasis on theoretical uncertainties. We find $(\Delta\Gamma/\Gamma)_{B_s}=0.16^{+0.11}_{-0.09}$, where the large error is dominated by the uncertainty in hadronic matrix elements. An accuracy of about $10\%$ in $(\Delta\Gamma/\Gamma)_{B_s}$ should be within reach, assuming continuing progress in lattice calculations. In addition we address phenomenological issues and implications of a $\Delta\Gamma_{B_s}$ measurement for constraints on $\Delta M_{B_s}$ and CKM parameters. We further consider in some detail the lifetime ratio $\tau(B_s)/\tau(B_d)$ and estimate that, most likely, $|\tau(B_s)/\tau(B_d)-1|<1\%$.