Gauge invariance on bound state energy levels
Abstract
In this paper the problem of the gauge in a bound state calculation is discussed. In particular, in order to verify the gauge invariance in the energy levels expansion, some set of gauge invariant contributions are given.
0
Turn this paper into a full lesson
ArcXiv compiles a staged curriculum from this paper: 8-12 lessons across beginner → advanced, synthesised section guides, visuals, flashcards, a quiz, exercises, and on-demand deep dives per section. Grounded in the abstract, never invented.