Universal behavior of multiplicity differences in quark-hadron phase transition

Abstract

The scaling behavior of factorial moments of the differences in multiplicities between well separated bins in heavy-ion collisions is proposed as a probe of quark-hadron phase transition. The method takes into account some of the physical features of nuclear collisions that cause some difficulty in the application of the usual method. It is shown in the Ginzburg-Landau theory that a numerical value $γ$ of the scaling exponent can be determined independent of the parameters in the problem. The universality of $γ$ characterizes quark-hadron phase transition, and can be tested directly by appropriately analyzed data.