Limits on Low Scale Gravity from $e^+ e^- \to W^+ W^-, ZZ$ and $γγ$

Abstract

It has been proposed recently that the scale of quantum gravity (``the string scale&#39;&#39;) can be $M_S \sim$ few TeV with $n \geq 2$ extra dimensions of size $R \stackrel{<}{\sim}$ mm so that, at distances greater than $R$, Newtonian gravity with $M_{Pl} \sim 10^{18}$ GeV is reproduced if $M_{Pl}^2 \sim R^n M_S^{n+2}$. Exchange of virtual gravitons in this theory generates higher-dimensional operators involving SM fields, suppressed by powers of $M_S$. We discuss constraints on this scenario from the contribution of these operators to the processes $e^+ e^- \to W^+ W^-, ZZ, γγ$. We find that LEP2 can place a limit $M_S \approx 1$ TeV from $e^+ e^- \to W^+ W^-, ZZ, γγ$.