On the mass spectrum of the two-dimensional O(3) sigma model with theta term

Abstract

Form Factor Perturbation Theory is applied to study the spectrum of the O(3) non--linear sigma model with the topological term in the vicinity of $θ= π$. Its effective action near this value is given by the non--integrable double Sine--Gordon model. Using previous results by Affleck and the explicit expressions of the Form Factors of the exponential operators $e^{\pm i\sqrt{8π} ϕ(x)}$, we show that the spectrum consists of a stable triplet of massive particles for all values of $θ$ and a singlet state of higher mass. The singlet is a stable particle only in an interval of values of $θ$ close to $π$ whereas it becomes a resonance below a critical value $θ_c$.