Fermion Bags in the Massive Gross-Neveu Model

Abstract

As has long been known, it is energetically favorable for massive fermions to deform the homogeneous vacuum around them, giving rise to extended bag-like objects. We study this phenomenon non-perturbatively in a model field theory, the $1+1$ dimensional Massive Gross-Neveu model, in the large $N$ limit. We prove that the bags in this model are necessarily time dependent. We calculate their masses variationally and demonstrate their stability. We find a non-analytic behavior in these masses as we approach the standard massless Gross-Neveu model and argue that this behavior is caused by the kink-antikink threshold. This work extends our previous work to a non-integrable field theory.