Perturbative Approach at Finite Temperature and the $ϕ^4$ model

Abstract

We suggest that the $ϕ^4$ model is only a polynomial approximation to a more fundamental theory. As a consequence the high temperature regime might not be correctly described by this model. If this turns out to be true then several results concerning e.g., critical temperatures, symmetry restoration at high temperature and high temperature expansions should be reconsidered. We illustrate our conjecture by using the Nambu-Goto string model. We compare a two-loop calculation of the free energy or quark-antiquark static potential at finite temperature with a previous exact calculation in the large-d limit and show how the perturbative expansion fails to reproduce important features in the neighborhood of the critical temperature. It becomes clear why this happens in the Nambu-Goto model and we suggest that perhaps something similar occurs with the $ϕ^4$ model.