Renormalization of number density in nonequilibrium quantum-field theory and absence of pinch singularities

Abstract

Through introducing a notion of renormalization of particle-number density, a simple perturbation scheme of nonequilibrium quantum-field theory is proposed. In terms of the renormalized particle-distribution functions, which characterize the system, the structure of the scheme (and then also the structure of amplitudes and reaction rates) are the same as in the equilibrium thermal field theory. Then, as an obvious consequence, the amplitudes and reaction rates computed in this scheme are free from pinch singularities due to multiple products of $\delta$-functions, which inevitably present in traditional perturbation scheme.