A new topological aspect of the arbitrary dimensional topological defects

Abstract

We present a new generalized topological current in terms of the order parameter field $\vec ϕ$ to describe the arbitrary dimensional topological defects. By virtue of the $% ϕ$-mapping method, we show that the topological defects are generated from the zero points of the order parameter field $\vec ϕ$, and the topological charges of these topological defects are topological quantized in terms of the Hopf indices and Brouwer degrees of $ϕ$-mapping under the condition that the Jacobian $% J(\frac ϕv)\neq 0$. When $J(\frac ϕv)=0$, it is shown that there exist the crucial case of branch process. Based on the implicit function theorem and the Taylor expansion, we detail the bifurcation of generalized topological current and find different directions of the bifurcation. The arbitrary dimensional topological defects are found splitting or merging at the degenerate point of field function $\vec ϕ$ but the total charge of the topological defects is still unchanged.