Transfer operators for $\Gamma_0(n)$ and the Hecke operators for the period functions for $PSL(2,Z)$

Abstract

In this article we report on a surprising relation between the transfer operators for the congruence subgroups $\Gamma_{0}(n)$ and the Hecke operators on the space of period functions for the modular group $\PSL (2,\mathbb{Z})$. For this we study special eigenfunctions of the transfer operators with eigenvalues $\mp 1$, which are also solutions of the Lewis equations for the groups $\Gamma_{0}(n)$ and which are determined by eigenfunctions of the transfer operator for the modular group $\PSL (2,\mathbb{Z})$. In the language of the Atkin-Lehner theory of old and new forms one should hence call them old eigenfunctions or old solutions of Lewis equation. It turns out that the sum of the components of these old solutions for the group $\Gamma_{0}(n)$ determine for any $n$ a solution of the Lewis equation for the modular group and hence also an eigenfunction of the transfer operator for this group.