A formula of total probability with interference term and the Hilbert space representation of the contextual Kolmogorovian model

Abstract

We compare the classical Kolmogorov and quantum probability models. We show that the gap between these model is not so huge as it was commonly believed. The main structures of quantum theory (interference of probabilities, Born's rule, complex probabilistic amplitudes, Hilbert state space, representation of observables by operators) are present in a latent form in the Kolmogorov model. In particular, we obtain ``interference of probabilities'' without to appeal to the Hilbert space formalism. We interpret ``interference of probabilities'' as a perturbation (by a $\cos$-term) of the conventional formula of total probability. Our classical derivation of quantum probabilistic formalism can stimulate applications of quantum methods outside of microworld : in psychology, biology, economy,...