Modelling thermostatting, entropy currents and cross effects by dynamical systems

Abstract

A generalized multibaker map with periodic boundary conditions is shown to model boundary-driven transport, when the driving is applied by a ``perturbation'' of the dynamics localised in a macroscopically small region. In this case there are sustained density gradients in the steady state. A non-uniform stationary temperature profile can be maintained by incorporating a heat source into the dynamics, which deviates from the one of a bulk system only in a (macroscopically small) localized region such that a heat (or entropy) flux can enter an attached thermostat only in that region. For these settings the relation between the average phase-space contraction, the entropy flux to the thermostat and irreversible entropy production is clarified for stationary and non-stationary states. In addition, thermoelectric cross-effects are described by a multibaker chain consisting of two parts with different transport properties, modelling a junction between two metals.