Chiral SU(3) dynamics and $Λ$-hyperons in the nuclear medium

Abstract

We present a novel approach to the density dependent mean field and the spin-orbit interaction of a $Λ$-hyperon in a nuclear many-body system, based on flavor-SU(3) in-medium chiral perturbation theory. The leading long-range $ΛN$-interaction arises from kaon exchange and from two-pion exchange with a $Σ$-hyperon in the intermediate state. The empirical $Λ$-nucleus potential depth of about $-28 $MeV is well reproduced with a single cutoff scale, $\bar Λ= 0.7 $GeV, effectively representing all short-distance (high-momentum) dynamics not resolved at scales characteristic of the nuclear Fermi momentum. This value of $\barΛ$ is remarkably consistent with the one required to reproduce the empirical saturation point of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter in the same framework. The smallness of the $Λ$-nuclear spin-orbit interaction finds a natural (yet novel) explanation in terms of an almost complete cancellation between short-range contributions (properly rescaled from the known nucleonic spin-orbit coupling strength) and long-range terms generated by iterated one-pion exchange with intermediate $Σ$-hyperons. The small $ΣΛ$-mass difference figures prominently in this context.