Kaon versus Antikaon Production at SIS Energies

Abstract

We analyse the production and propagation of kaons and antikaons in Ni + Ni reactions from 0.8--1.85 GeV/u within a coupled channel transport approach including the channels $BB \to K^+YN, πB\to K^+Y, BB \to NN K \bar{K}, πB\to N K\bar{K}, K^+B\to K^+B, \bar{K} B\to \bar{K}B, Y N\to \bar{K} NN, ππ\to K \bar{K}$ as well as $πY\to \bar{K}N$ and $\bar{K} N\to πY$ for the antikaon absorption. Whereas the experimental $K^+$ spectra can be reproduced without introducing any selfenergies for the mesons in Ni + Ni collisions from 0.8 to 1.8 GeV/u, the $K^-$ yield is underestimated by a factor of 5--7 at 1.66 and 1.85 GeV/u. However, introducing density dependent antikaon masses as proposed by Kaplan and Nelson, the antikaon spectra can be reasonably well described.