Rough-conduit flows and the existence of fully developed turbulence
G. Gioia, Pinaki Chakraborty, Fabián A. Bombardelli
Abstract
It is widely believed that at high Reynolds number (Re) all turbulent flows approach a state of "fully developed turbulence" defined by a unique, Re-independent statistics of the velocity fluctuations. Yet direct measurements of the velocity fluctuations have failed to yield clear-cut empirical evidence of the existence of fully developed turbulence. Here we relate the friction coefficient (f) of rough-conduit flows to the statistics of the velocity fluctuations. In light of experimental measurements of f, our results yield unequivocal evidence of the existence of fully developed turbulence.
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