Geometrical and Physical Interpretations of Electronic Harmonic Oscillations in Four Space Dimensions

Abstract

Following a previous proposition of quaternity spacetime for electronic orbitals in neon shell, this paper describes the geometrical course each electron takes as it oscillates harmonically within a certain quaternity space dimension and provides the concrete connections between geometries and trigonometric wavefunctions that observe Pythagorean theorem. By integrating four quaternity space dimensions with conventional Cartesian coordinate systems in calculus, we explain electronic motions by the Maxwell equation and general Stokes theorem from the principles of rotation operation and space and time symmetry. Altogether with the previous reports, we have effectively established quaternity spacetime as a successful theory in elucidating the orbital shapes and motions of electrons within inert atoms such as helium and neon. We point out once again that 2px, 2py, and 2pz orbitals have different geometrical shapes as well as orthogonal orientations, contrary to the traditional 2p orbital model.