Existence of Negative Gravity Material Identification of Dark Energy Dark Matter Isothermal Gravitational Equilibrium and Galactic Rotation Theory

Abstract

A solution to Einstein's field equations via the Friedman equations is shown to produce a cosmological model that is in exact agreement with the measurements made by the dark energy astronomers. All the essential physical parameters are obtained as epoch dependent functions all in closed form. The equations of state are obtained for total density, non-dark energy density and dark energy density. An interpretation of the structure involving a dark energy mass distribution that is twice the usual value is shown to clarify greatly the physical significance of the mathematics. It is asserted that the astronomer's measurements together with the mathematical model proves that the universe is permeated uniformly with a positive mass density that caries a negative gravitational constant, -G, characteristic. This mass component is identified with the dark energy content of the universe that has been postulated to explain the observed acceleration. Another result implied by the model is that there is twice the amount of dark energy that is usually considered to be present. This last point is analysed in more detail in appendix 1 using Einstein's field equations. Five additional appendices, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in which isothermal gravitational dark matter equilibrium and the galactic rotations curve flatness problem are examined in detail. Appendix 5 is concerned with mass clumping and expressing gravitational isothermal equilibrium constraints using a cosmological Schrödinger equation to demonstrate the existence of a new quantum force involved with galactic stability. Appendix 6 is concerned with gravitational quantization. Each appendix has its own abstract.