The bi-pyramidal nature, the Lucas series in the genetic code and their relation to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Abstract

New analyses of the organization of the genetic code system together with their relation to the two classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are reported in this work. A closer inspection revealed how the enzymes and the 20 amino acids of the genetic code are intertwined on a polyhedron model. Complimentarily and cooperative symmetry between class I and class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases displayed by a 28-gon model are discussed, and we found that the two previously suggested evolutionary axes of the genetic code overlap the three two-fold symmetry axes within the two classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Moreover, it is identified that the amino-acid side-chain carbon-atom numbers (1, 3, 4 and 7) in the overwhelming majority of the amino acids recognized by each of the two classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases meet a mathematical relationship, the Lucas series.