Quantum Entanglement and the Two-Photon Stokes Parameters
Ayman F. Abouraddy, Alexander V. Sergienko, Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin C. Teich
Abstract
A formalism for two-photon Stokes parameters is introduced to describe the polarization entanglement of photon pairs. This leads to the definition of a degree of two-photon polarization, which describes the extent to which the two photons act as a pair and not as two independent photons. This pair-wise polarization is complementary to the degree of polarization of the individual photons. The approach provided here has a number of advantages over the density matrix formalism: it allows the one- and two-photon features of the state to be separated and offers a visualization of the mixedness of the state of polarization.
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