Key Disclosing in Multiphotons with Quantum Cloning

Abstract

Multiphoton state in quantum cryptography decreases its security. Key disclosing with universal quantum cloning machine (UQCM) is considered in explicit manner. Although UQCM cannot make perfect clones, there is some invariant quantity between the original photon and the imperfect clones. The invariant quantity, the direction of Stokes parameters, tells us the auxiliary information leading into key information. The attack, then, corresponds to some kind of quantum non-demolition measurement. Its application to recent high-performance quantum cryptography, Y-00 protocol, is also studied.