Optimal Time-Reversal of Multi-phase Equatorial States

Abstract

Even though the time-reversal is unphysical (it corresponds to the complex conjugation of the density matrix), for some restricted set of states it can be achieved unitarily, typically when there is a common de-phasing in a n-level system. However, in the presence of multiple phases (i. e. a different de-phasing for each element of an orthogonal basis occurs) the time reversal is no longer physically possible. In this paper we derive the channel which optimally approaches in fidelity the time-reversal of multi-phase equatorial states in arbitrary (finite) dimension. We show that, in contrast to the customary case of the Universal-NOT on qubits (or the universal conjugation in arbitrary dimension), the optimal phase covariant time-reversal for equatorial states is a nonclassical channel, which cannot be achieved via a measurement/preparation procedure. Unitary realizations of the optimal time-reversal channel are given with minimal ancillary dimension, exploiting the simplex structure of the optimal maps.