Phase Sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Abstract
The best performance of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is achieved with the input state |NT/2 + 1>|NT/2-1 > + |NT/2 - 1>|NT/2+1>, being NT the total number of atoms/photons. This gives: i) a phase-shift error confidence C68%=2.67/NT with ii) a single interferometric measurement. Different input quantum states can achieve the Heisenberg scaling ~ 1/NT but with higher prefactors and at the price of a statistical analysis of two or more independent measurements.
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