Quantum measurements of spatial conjugate variables: Displacement and tilt of a Gaussian beam
Vincent Delaubert, Nicolas Treps, Charles C. Harb, Ping Koy Lam, Hans A. Bachor
Abstract
We consider the problem of measurement of optical transverse profile parameters and their conjugate variable. Using multi-mode analysis, we introduce the concept of detection noise-modes. For Gaussian beams, displacement and tilt are a pair of transverse profile conjugate variables. We experimentally demonstrate their optimal encoding and detection with a spatial homodyning scheme. Using higher order spatial mode squeezing, we show the sub-shot noise measurements for the displacement and tilt of a Gaussian beam.
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