A Linear Quantum Dynamic Theory for Coherent Output of Bose-Einstain Condensation

Abstract

A model for the coherent output coupler of the Bose-Einstein condensed atoms from a trap in the recent MIT experiment (Phys. Rev. Lett., 78 (1997) 582) is established with a simple many-boson system of two states with linear coupling. Its exact solution for the many-body problem shows a factorization of dynamical evolution process, i.e., the wave function initially prepared in a direct product of a vacuum state and a coherent state remains in a direct product of two coherent states at any instance in the evolution of the total system. This conclusion always holds even for a system with a finite average particle number in the initial state. Its thermodynamical limit can be directly dealt with in the Bogoliubov approximation and manifests that an ideal condensate in the trap will remain in a coherent state after the r.f. interaction while the output-coupler pulse of atoms is also in a coherent state, which means a coherent output of atomic beam to form a macroscopic quantum state in a propagating mode.