Quantum Cloning in $d$ dimensions

Abstract

The quantum state space $\cal S$ over a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space is represented as a convex subset of a $D-1$-dimensional sphere $S_{D-1}\subset {\bf{R}}^D$, where $D=d^2-1.$ Quantum tranformations (CP-maps) are then associated with the affine transformations of ${\bf{R}}^D,$ and $N\mapsto M$ {\it cloners} induce polynomial mappings. In this geometrical setting it is shown that an optimal cloner can be chosen covariant and induces a map between reduced density matrices given by a simple contraction of the associated $D$-dimensional Bloch vectors.