Mixed state dense coding and its relation to entanglement measures

Abstract

Ideal dense coding protocols allow one to use prior maximal entanglement to send two bits of classical information by the physical transfer of a single encoded qubit. We investigate the case when the prior entanglement is not maximal and the initial state of the entangled pair of qubits being used for the dense coding is a mixed state. We find upper and lower bounds on the capability to do dense coding in terms of the various measures of entanglement and in terms of the average mutual distinguishability of the signal states.