April 2006 arXiv papers — page 2

Yuhui He, Danqiong Hou, Xiaoyan Liu, Ruqi Han

We propose a nonequilibrium Green's function approach to calculate the ac conductance of various finite-length carbon nanotubes. The simulated ac conductance differs significantly from that of the infinite-length ones. At the low-frequency limit, the profiles of the quantized conductance are still observable in the finite-length carbon nanotubes, but man

S. Ihnatsenka, I. V. Zozoulenko

We provide a systematic quantitative description of the structure of edge states and magnetosubband evolution in hard wall quantum wires in the integer quantum Hall regime. Our calculations are based on the self-consistent Green's function technique where the electron- and spin interactions are included within the density functional theory in the local s

Nathan Roche

We perform UBR imaging and optical spectroscopy of the interacting galaxy pair Arp 104, at z=0.0098. This consists of NGC5218, a disturbed Sb barred spiral with an inclined outer shell, the round spheroidal NGC5216, a connecting bridge of length 50 kpc and a curved plume. Neither galaxy shows emission lines. NGC5218 has strong Balmer lines and appears to hav

J. Machalski, M. Jamrozy

In this paper we analyse whether `giant' radio galaxies (GRGs) differ from `normal'-size galaxies (NSGs) except for the linear extent of their radio structure. We compare a number of properties of GRGs with the corresponding properties of NSGs, and analyse the statistical trends and correlations of physical parameters, homogeneously determined for th

P. Miocchi, R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. Di Matteo

We present the results of detailed N-body simulations regarding the interaction of four massive globular clusters in the central region of a triaxial galaxy. The systems undergo a full merging event, producing a sort of 'Super Star Cluster' (SSC) whose features are close to those of a superposition of the individual initial mergers. In contrast with

Torsten Ehrhardt

In this paper we are going to prove two asymptotic formulas for determinants det(I-K_s), as s goes to infinity, where K_s are the Wiener-Hopf-Hankel operators acting on L^2[0,s] with the kernels K(x-y)+K(x+y) and K(x-y)-K(x+y), respectively, and K(t):=sin(t)/(π*t). These formulas were conjectured by Dyson. The identification of the constant term in the asymp

Yuval Peres, Oded Schramm, Scott Sheffield, David B. Wilson

We prove that every bounded Lipschitz function F on a subset Y of a length space X admits a tautest extension to X, i.e., a unique Lipschitz extension u for which Lip_U u = Lip_{boundary of U} u for all open subsets U of X that do not intersect Y. This was previously known only for bounded domains R^n, in which case u is infinity harmonic, that is, a viscosi

Ilia Gogoladze, C. N. Leung

According to a recent paper by Robinson and Wilczek, the leading gravitational corrections to the running of gauge couplings tend to reduce the values of the couplings at energies below the gravitational scale, defined to be the energy above which gravity becomes strongly interacting. If the physical gravitational scale is sufficiently low, as conjectured in

Peter W. A. Roming, Daniel Vanden Berk, Valentin Palshin, Claudio Pagani

We report the simultaneous observations of the prompt emission in the gamma-ray and hard X-ray bands by the Swift-BAT and the KONUS-Wind instruments of the short-hard burst, GRB 060313. The observations reveal multiple peaks in both the gamma-ray and hard X-ray bands suggesting a highly variable outflow from the central explosion. We also describe the early-

Gustavo A. Narvaez, Gabriel Bester, Alex Zunger

We calculate the P-shell--to-S-shell decay lifetime τ(P->S) of electrons in lens-shaped self-assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs dots due to Auger electron-hole scattering within an atomistic pseudopotential-based approach. We find that this relaxation mechanism leads to fast decay of τ(P->S)~1-7 ps for dots of different sizes. Our calculated Auger-type P-shell--to-S-s

O. B. Zaslavskii

We show that a number of apparently separate extravagant Majorana's actions, including those connected with his disappearance are united by the invariant of behavior. It is based on "carrying into life" the principles of quantum theory. We argue that the underlying motive force in the story of his disappearance consisted in existential intention

Randall L. Cooper, Ramesh Narayan

We construct a two-zone model to describe H and He burning on the surface of an accreting neutron star and use it to study the triggering of type I X-ray bursts. Although highly simplified, the model reproduces all of the bursting regimes seen in the more complete global linear stability analysis of Narayan & Heyl (2003), including the regime of delayed mixe

Matthew Wingate

Recent experimental measurements and lattice QCD calculations are now reaching the precision (and accuracy) needed to over-constrain the CKM parameters $\barρ$ and $\barη$. In this brief review, I discuss the current status of lattice QCD calculations needed to connect the experimental measurements of $B$ meson properties to quark flavor-changing parameters.

Gregory Gabadadze, Luca Grisa, Yanwen Shang

We study the spectrum of an asymmetric warped braneworld model with different AdS curvatures on either side of the brane. In addition to the RS-like modes we find a resonance state. Its mass is proportional to the geometric mean of the two AdS curvature scales, while the difference between them determines the strength of the resonance peak. There is a comple

M. F. Bode, T. J. O'Brien, J. P. Osborne, K. L. Page

RS Ophiuchi began its latest outburst on 2006 February 12. Previous outbursts have indicated that high velocity ejecta interact with a pre-existing red giant wind, setting up shock systems analogous to those seen in Supernova Remnants. However, in the previous outburst in 1985, X-ray observations did not commence until 55 days after the initial explosion. He

Zoran Škoda

The subset multiplicatively generated by any given set of quantum minors and the unit element in the quantum matrix bialgebra satisfies the left and right Ore conditions.

Michael Klawunn, Olaf Lechtenfeld, Stefan Petersen

In the noncommutative (Moyal) plane, we relate exact U(1) sigma-model solitons to generic scalar-field solitons for an infinitely stiff potential. The static k-lump moduli space C^k/S_k features a natural K"ahler metric induced from an embedding Grassmannian. The moduli-space dynamics is blind against adding a WZW-like term to the sigma-model action and

Pavel Krotkov, Andrey V. Chubukov

We apply the spin-fermion model to study the normal state and pairing instability in electron-doped cuprates near the antiferromagnetic QCP. Peculiar frequency dependencies of the normal state properties are shown to emerge from the self-consistent equations on the fermionic and bosonic self-energies, and are in agreement with experimentally observed ones. W

Joseph D. Meiring, Varsha P. Kulkarni, Pushpa Khare, Jill Bechtold

We present elemental abundance measurements for 9 damped Ly-alpha systems (DLAs) and 1 sub-DLA at 0.1 < z < 1.5 from recent observations with the Multiple Mirror Telescope. Most of these absorbers are found to be metal-poor, while 2 are found to have ~ 30-50 solar metallicities. Combining our data with other data from the literature, we find that the systems

Sandro P. Vitenti, Daniel Müller

It is believed that soon after the Planck era, spacetime should have a semi-classical nature. In this context we consider quantum fields propagating in a classical gravitational field and study the backreaction of these fields, using the expected value of the energy-momentum tensor as source of the gravitational field. According to this theory, the escape fr

L. Campos Venuti, C. Degli Esposti Boschi, M. Roncaglia

Most quantum system with short-ranged interactions show a fast decay of entanglement with the distance. In this Letter, we focus on the peculiarity of some systems to distribute entanglement between distant parties. Even in realistic models, like the spin-1 Heisenberg chain, sizable entanglement is present between arbitrarily distant particles. We show that

Frank Deuretzbacher, Kai Bongs, Klaus Sengstock, Daniela Pfannkuche

We study ground state properties of spinless, quasi one-dimensional bosons which are confined in a harmonic trap and interact via repulsive delta-potentials. We use the exact diagonalization method to analyze the pair correlation function, as well as the density, the momentum distribution, different contributions to the energy and the population of single-pa

Karin Verelst

In this paper the claim that Zeno's paradoxes have been solved is contested. Although no one has ever touched Zeno without refuting him (Whitehead), it will be our aim to show that, whatever it was that was refuted, it was certainly not Zeno. The paper is organised in two parts. In the first part we will demonstrate that upon direct analysis of the Greek sou

Yoshinobu Habara

As a tool to carry out the quantization of gauge theory on a noncommutative space, we present a Dirac operator that behaves as a line element of the canonical noncommutative space. Utilizing this operator, we construct the Dixmier trace, which is the regularized trace for infinite-dimensional matrices. We propose the possibility of solving the cosmological c

Michiel Snoek, S. Vandoren, H. T. C. Stoof

The combination of a vortex line in a one-dimensional optical lattice with fermions bound to the vortex core makes up an ultracold superstring. We give a detailed derivation of the way to make this supersymmetric string in the laboratory. In particular, we discuss the presence of a fermionic bound state in the vortex core and the tuning of the laser beams ne

A. A. Andrianov, F. Cannata, A. Y. Kamenshchik

Motivated by the generalization of quantum theory for the case of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with PT symmetry, we show how a classical cosmological model describes a smooth transition from ordinary dark energy to the phantom one. The model is based on a classical complex Lagrangian of a scalar field. Specific symmetry properties analogous to PT in non-Hermit

George H. Hitching

The moduli space M_2 of rank four semistable symplectic vector bundles over a curve X of genus two is an irreducible projective variety of dimension ten. Its Picard group is generated by the determinantal line bundle Ξ. The base locus of the linear system |Ξ| consists of precisely those bundles without theta divisors, that is, admitting nonzero maps from eve

Sourav Chatterjee

The Sherrington--Kirkpatrick model of spin glasses, the Hopfield model of neural networks and the Ising spin glass are all models of binary data belonging to the one-parameter exponential family with quadratic sufficient statistic. Under bare minimal conditions, we establish the $\sqrt{N}$-consistency of the maximum pseudolikelihood estimate of the natural p

Paul M. Brooks, C. J. Maxwell

We consider the leading one-chain term in a skeleton expansion for QCD observables and show that for energies Q^2>Λ^2, where Q^2=Λ^2 is the Landau pole in the coupling, the skeleton expansion result is equivalent to the standard Borel integral representation, with ambiguities related to infrared (IR) renormalons. For Q^2<Λ^2 the skeleton expansion result is

Rachel Jeannerot, Marieke Postma

We show that the parameter space for F-term inflation which predict the formation of cosmic strings is larger than previously estimated. Firstly, because realistic embeddings in GUT theories alter the standard scenerio, making the inflationary potential less steep. Secondly, the strings which form at the end of inflation are not necessarily topologically sta

F. V. Weinstein

We study the cohomology with trivial coefficients of Lie algebras L_k of the polynomial vector fields on the line with zero $k$-jet, (k>=1), and the cohomology of the similar subalgebras {L}_k of the polynomial loops algebra $\widetilde{sl}_2$. In both cases we construct the special bases (filtering bases) in the external complexes of these algebras. A spect

Mitsuhiro Miyazaki

Let $S=k[x_1,..., x_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$ with $n$ variables $x_1$, ..., $x_n$, $\mmmm$ the irrelevant maximal ideal of $S$, $I$ a monomial ideal in $S$ and $I&#39;$ the polarization of $I$ in the polynomial ring $S&#39;$ with $ρ$ variables. We show that each graded piece $H_\mmmm^i(S/I)_\aaa$, $\aaa\in\ZZZ^n$, of the local cohomology mod

Alessandro Giuliani, Joel L. Lebowitz, Elliott H. Lieb

We study the ground state of a $d$--dimensional Ising model with both long range (dipole--like) and nearest neighbor ferromagnetic (FM) interactions. The long range interaction is equal to $r^{-p}$, $p>d$, while the FM interaction has strength $J$. If $p>d+1$ and $J$ is large enough the ground state is FM, while if $d<p\le d+1$ the FM state is not the ground

Rahul Bijurkar

In quantum computation and information science, the geometrical representations based on the Bloch sphere representation for transformations of two state systems have been traditionally used. While this representation is very useful for the two state qubit, it cannot be generalized easily to multiple states like that of qudits and when it is generalized, it

F. V. Weinstein

We investigate a spectrum of positive self-adjoint operator $\Gk$ (Laplace operator) acting in the external complexes of some interesting subalgebras $\Lk$ of Lie algebra $A_1^{(1)}$. We obtain an explicit formula for the action of $\G_k$. This formula is used to compute the homology of $\Lk$ with trivial coefficients for $k=-1,0,1,2$. In these cases we show

Laila Alabidi

We consider a two component hybrid inflation model, in which two fields drive inflation. Our results show that this model generates an observable non-gaussian contribution to the curvature spectrum, within the limits allowed by the recent WMAP year 3 data. We show that if one field has a mass less than zero, and an initial field value less than 0.06Mpl while

Rachel Jeannerot

We show that GUT cosmic strings generically form after inflation if a {\it non-inert} symmetry breaks after inflation; they form irrespectively of the inflationary scenario and in both supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric theories.

Leonardo Castellani

Introducing an extended Lie derivative along the dual of A, the three-form field of d=11 supergravity, the full diffeomorphism algebra of d=11 supergravity is presented. This algebra suggests a new formulation of the theory, where the three-form field A is replaced by bivector B^{ab}, bispinor B^{αβ}, and spinor-vector η^{aβ} one-forms. Only the bivector one

S. Grzedzielski, M. Wachowicz, M. Bzowski, V. Izmodenov

We show that multiply ionized coronal C, N, O, Mg, Si, S ions carried by the solar wind and neutralized by consecutive electron captures from neutral interstellar atoms constitute an important new source of neutral atoms in the inner heliosheath, with energies up to ~ 1 keV/n. In the model we developed, the heavy ions are treated as test particles carried by

M. R. Evans, T. Hanney, Satya N. Majumdar

We study real-space condensation in a broad class of stochastic mass transport models. We show that the steady state of such models has a pair-factorised form which generalizes the standard factorized steady states. The condensation in this class of models is driven by interactions which give rise to a spatially extended condensate that differs fundamentally

M. Neek-Amal, R. Moussavi, H. R. Sepangi

A model based on microcanonical Monte Carlo method is used to study the application of the temperature gradient along a two-dimensional (2D) Ising system. We estimate the system size effects on thermal conductivity, $K$, for a nano-scale Ising layer with variable size. It is shown that $K$ scales with size as $ K=cL^α$ where $α$ varies with temperature. Both

C. Zinoni, B. Alloing, C. Monat, L. H. Li

We present time integrated and time resolved measurements on single In/As quantum dots (QD) emitting at 1300nm, at 10K, embedded in a planar microcavity. We clearly identify a standard spectroscopic signature from single QDs and compare the exciton line width and biexciton (BX) binding energy for several QDs. We present this data for QDs spatially selected b

Adam P. Szczepaniak, J. T. Londergan

The natural interpretation of deep inelastic scattering is in terms of hard scattering on QCD constituents of the target. We examine the relation between amplitudes measured in exclusive lepto-production and the quark content of the nucleon. We show that in the Bjorken limit, the natural interpretation of amplitudes measured in these hard exclusive processes

S. Ulzega, A. Hofer, P. Moroshkin, A. Weis

We present a theoretical analysis of the Stark effect in the hyperfine structure of the cesium ground-state. We have used third order perturbation theory, including diagonal and off-diagonal hyperfine interactions, and have identified terms which were not considered in earlier treatments. A numerical evaluation using perturbing levels up to n=18 yields new v

A. Neronov, D. V. Semikoz

We propose a method of measurement of extragalactic magnetic fields in observations of TeV gamma-rays from distant blazars. Multi-TeV gamma-rays are emitted by these sources in narrow jet with opening angle of few degrees. These primary gamma-rays interact with the infrared photon background producing secondary electrons and positrons, which can be just slig

T. Aoyama, Y. Shibusa

We present a new scheme for extracting approximate values in ``the improved perturbation method&#39;&#39;, which is a sort of resummation technique capable of evaluating a series outside the radius of convergence. We employ the distribution profile of the series that is weighted by nth-order derivatives with respect to the artificially introduced parameters.

Stephen C Power

To a higher rank directed graph $(Λ, d)$, in the sense of Kumjian and Pask, one can associate natural noncommutative analytic Toeplitz algebras, both weakly closed and norm closed. We introduce methods for the classification of these algebras in the case of single vertex graphs.

H. J. Krenner, E. C. Clark, T. Nakaoka, M. Bichler

We optically probe and electrically control a single artificial molecule containing a well defined number of electrons. Charge and spin dependent inter-dot quantum couplings are probed optically by adding a single electron-hole pair and detecting the emission from negatively charged exciton states. Coulomb and Pauli blockade effects are directly observed and

Seth Major, David Rideout, Sumati Surya

An important question that discrete approaches to quantum gravity must address is how continuum features of spacetime can be recovered from the discrete substructure. Here, we examine this question within the causal set approach to quantum gravity, where the substructure replacing the spacetime continuum is a locally finite partial order. A new topology on c

Francisco Javier Gallego, Miguel Gonzalez, Bangere P. Purnaprajna

Let $Y$ be a smooth Enriques surface. A $K3$ carpet on $Y$ is a locally Cohen-Macaulay double structure on $Y$ with the same invariants as a smooth $K3$ surface (i.e., regular and with trivial canonical sheaf). The surface $Y$ possesses an étale $K3$ double cover $X \oversetπ \longrightarrow Y$. We prove that $π$ can be deformed to a family $\SX \longrightar

D. Zhang, R. Gang, J. C. Chen

A generator with $α^2$ order radiative correction effects, including both the initial state radiative corrections and the photon vacuum polarization corrections, is built for the full simulation of $e^+e^- \to hadrons $ in cross section scan experiment in the quarkonium energy region. The contributions from the hadron production structures including the reso

L. Feher, B. G. Pusztai

The Hamiltonian symmetry reduction of the geodesics system on a symmetric space of negative curvature by the maximal compact subgroup of the isometry group is investigated at an arbitrary value of the momentum map. Restricting to regular elements in the configuration space, the reduction generically yields a spin Calogero model with hyperbolic interaction po

Kathryn Hess

These notes contain a brief introduction to rational homotopy theory: its model category foundations, the Sullivan model and interactions with the theory of local commutative rings.

Nikodem J. Poplawski

The Hojman-Rosenbaum-Ryan-Shepley dynamical theory of torsion preserves local gauge invariance of electrodynamics and makes minimal coupling compatible with torsion. It also allows propagation of torsion in vacuum. It is known that implications of this model disagree with the Eotvos-Dicke-Braginsky solar tests of the principle of equivalence. We modify this

L. Foschini, G. Tagliaferri, E. Pian, G. Ghisellini

At the end of March 2004, the blazar S5 0716+714 underwent an optical outburst that prompted for quasi-simultaneous target-of-opportunity observations with the INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton satellites. In this paper, we report the results of the XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL OMC data analysis. The X-ray spectrum is well-represented by a concave broken power-law model, w

J. S. Bagla, Suryadeep Ray

We study the non-Gaussian tail of the probability distribution function of density in cosmological N-Body simulations for a variety of initial conditions. We compare the behaviour of the non-Gaussian tail in the real space with that in the redshift space. The form of the PDF in redshift space is of great significance as galaxy surveys probe this and not the

Yasuhiro Shimizu, Kazuya Miyagawa, Kazushi Kanoda, Maesato Mitsuhiko

The static and dynamic local spin susceptibility of the organic Mott insulator $κ$-(ET)$_2$Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$, a model material of the spin- 1/2 triangular lattice, is studied by $^{13}$C NMR spectroscopy from room temperature down to 20 mK. We observe an anomalous field-dependent spectral broadening with the continuous and bipolar shift distribution, appearing

L. Canton, G. Pisent, K. Amos, S. Karataglidis

A nucleon-nucleus interaction model has been applied to ascertain the underlying character of the negative-parity spectra of four isobars of mass seven, from neutron-- to proton--emitter driplines. With one single nuclear potential defined by a simple coupled-channel model, a multichannel algebraic scattering approach (MCAS) has been used to determine the bo

P. M. Sołtan

We introduce a non commutative analog of the Bohr compactification. Starting from a general quantum group G we define a compact quantum group bG which has a universal property such as the universal property of the classical Bohr compactification for topological groups. We study the object bG in special cases when G is a classical locally compact group, dual

Kalobaran Maiti, Ravi Shankar Singh, V. R. R. Medicherla

We investigate the temperature evolution of the electronic states in the vicinity of the Fermi level of a non-Fermi liquid (NFL) system, CaRuO3 using ultra high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy; isostructural SrRuO3 exhibiting Fermi liquid behavior despite similar electron interaction parameters as that of CaRuO3, is used as a reference. High-energy res

Hiroshi Kunitomo

The Cachazo-Svrcek-Witten (CSW) rule for efficiently calculating gauge theory amplitudes is extended to N=1 supersymmetric QCD (SQCD), incorporating massless quarks, in a way preserving the manifest supersymmetry. Using this extended CSW rule, we obtain compact expressions of all the one-loop MHV amplitudes in SQCD including one or two external quark-antiqua

Ron Donagi, Tony Pantev

We show that the Hitchin integrable system for a simple complex Lie group $G$ is dual to the Hitchin system for the Langlands dual group $\lan{G}$. In particular, the general fiber of the connected component $\Higgs_0$ of the Hitchin system for $G$ is an abelian variety which is dual to the corresponding fiber of the connected component of the Hitchin system

Akihiro Doi, Kenta Fujisawa, Asao Habe, Mareki Honma

We propose bigradient phase referencing (BPR), a new radio-observation technique, and report its performance using the Japanese very-long-baseline-interferometry network (JVN). In this method, a weak source is detected by phase-referencing using a primary calibrator, in order to play a role as a secondary calibrator for phase-referencing to a weak target. We

S. J. Brodsky, D. Chakrabarti, A. Harindranath, A. Mukherjee

We show that the Fourier transform of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) amplitude with respect to the skewness variable $ζ$ at fixed invariant momentum transfer squared $t$ provides a unique way to visualize the structure of the target hadron in the boost-invariant longitudinal coordinate space. The results are analogous to the diffractive scatter

Theja N. De Silva, Erich J. Mueller

We study the effects of surface tension between normal and superfluid regions of a trapped Fermi gas at unitarity. We find that surface tension causes notable distortions in the shape of large aspect ratio clouds. Including these distortions in our theories resolves many of the apparent discrepancies among different experiments and between theory and experim

Matthew J. Strassler, Kathryn M. Zurek

We consider examples of ``hidden-valley&#39;&#39; models, in which a new confining gauge group is added to the standard model. Such models often arise in string constructions, and elsewhere. The resulting (electrically-neutral) bound states can have low masses and long lifetimes, and could be observed at the LHC and Tevatron. Production multiplicities are of

B. Losic, W. G. Unruh

Backreactions are considered in a de Sitter spacetime whose cosmological constant is generated by the potential of scalar field. The leading order gravitational effect of nonlinear matter fluctuations is analyzed and it is found that the initial value problem for the perturbed Einstein equations possesses linearization instabilities. We show that these linea

Xiao-yu Chen

The master equation of quantum optical density operator is transformed to the equation of characteristic function. The parametric amplification and amplitude damping as well as the phase damping are considered. The solution for the most general initial quantum state is obtained for parametric amplification and amplitude damping. The purity of one mode Gaussi

Lucy Lifschitz, Dave Witte Morris

Let D be an irreducible lattice in a connected, semisimple Lie group G with finite center. Assume that the real rank of G is at least two, that G/D is not compact, and that G has more than one noncompact simple factor. We show that D has no orientation-preserving actions on the real line. (In algebraic terms, this means that D is not right orderable.) Under

Masahiro N. Machida, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka, Tomoaki Matsumoto

We investigate outflows driven by a giant protoplanet using three-dimensional MHD nested grid simulations. We consider a local region around the protoplanet in the protoplanetary disk, and calculate three models: (a) unmagnetized disk model, (b) magnetized disk model having magnetic field azimuthally parallel to the disk, and (c) magnetic field perpendicular

A. Kovacs, S. C. Chapman, C. D. Dowell, A. W. Blain

We present 350 micron observations of 15 Chapman et al. submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with radio counterparts and optical redshifts. We detect 12 and obtain sensitive upper limits for three, providing direct, precise measurements of their far-infrared luminosities and characteristic dust temperatures. With these, we verify the linear radio--far-infrared corr

J. S. Sobeck, I. I. Ivans, J. A. Simmerer, C. Sneden

We have derived Mn abundances for more than 200 stars in 19 globular clusters. In addition, Mn abundance determinations have been made for a comparable number of halo field and disk stars possessing an overlapping range of metallicities and stellar parameters. Our primary data set was comprised of high resolution spectra previously acquired at the McDonald,

Paul Bird

This paper has been withdrawn by the author.

Clifford Cheung, Jesse Thaler

In the presence of spontaneous symmetry breaking, the alignment of the vacuum with respect to the gauge group is often controlled by quadratically divergent operators in the low energy non-linear sigma model. In principle the magnitudes and signs of these operators can be changed by making different assumptions about the ultraviolet physics, but in practice

H. Malekzadeh

I investigate some of the inert phases in three-flavor, spin-zero color-superconducting quark matter: the CFL phase (the analogue of the B phase in superfluid $^3\rm He$), the A and A* phases, and the 2SC and sSC phases. I compute the pressure of these phases with and without the neutrality condition. It is shown that the 2SC phase is identical to the A* pha

Aziz Kolkiran, G. S. Agarwal

Recent theoretical and experimental papers have shown how one can achieve Heisenberg limited measurements by using entangled photons. Here we show how the photons in non-collinear down conversion process can be used for improving the sensitivity of magneto-optical rotation by a factor of four which takes us towards the Heisenberg limit. Our results apply to

Samuel Portmann, Adrian Wuethrich

According to Bell&#39;s theorem a large class of hidden-variable models obeying Bell&#39;s notion of local causality conflict with the predictions of quantum mechanics. Recently, a Bell-type theorem has been proven using a weaker notion of local causality, yet assuming the existence of perfectly correlated event types. Here we present a similar Bell-type the

N. M. Chase

By extending Einstein&#39;s separation of wave and particle parts of the second order thermal fluctuation to encompass &#34;generalized fluctuations&#34; in any Bose field, P. E. Gordon has proposed alternative definitions for nth order coherence and nth order coherent states. The main point of this paper is to explore some of the physical insights to be gai

G. P. Berman, A. A. Chumak

The photon density operator function is used to calculate light beam propagation through turbulent atmosphere. A kinetic equation for the photon distribution function is derived and solved using the method of characteristics. Optical wave correlations are described in terms of photon trajectories that depend on fluctuations of the refractive index. It is sho

A. Isar

The condition of purity of states for a damped harmonic oscillator is considered in the framework of Lindblad theory for open quantum systems. For a special choice of the environment coefficients, the correlated coherent states are shown to be the only states which remain pure all the time during the evolution of the considered system. These states are also

J. A. W. van Houwelingen, A. Beveratos, N. Brunner, N. Gisin

We present a Bell-state analyzer for time-bin qubits allowing the detection of three out of four Bell-states with linear optics, two detectors and no auxiliary photons. The theoretical success rate of this scheme is 50%. A teleportation experiment was performed to demonstrate its functionality. We also present a teleportation experiment with a Fidelity large

Yan-Kui Bai, Shu-Shen Li, Hou-Zhi Zheng, Z. D. Wang

We propose a more general method for detecting a set of entanglement measures, i.e. negativities, in an \emph{arbitrary} tripartite quantum state by local operations and classical communication. To accomplish the detection task using this method, three observers, Alice, Bob and Charlie, do not need to perform the partial transposition maps by the structural

Simone Severini

We show that an n-th root of the Walsh-Hadamard transform (obtained from the Hadamard gate and a cyclic permutation of the qubits), together with two diagonal matrices, namely a local qubit-flip (for a fixed but arbitrary qubit) and a non-local phase-flip (for a fixed but arbitrary coefficient), can do universal quantum computation on n qubits. A quantum com

M. S. Sarandy, D. A. Lidar

We introduce a self-consistent framework for the analysis of both Abelian and non-Abelian geometric phases associated with open quantum systems, undergoing cyclic adiabatic evolution. We derive a general expression for geometric phases, based on an adiabatic approximation developed within an inherently open-systems approach. This expression provides a natura

Donghong Min, Hongzhi Li, Guohui Li, Ryan Bitter-Putzer

A novel overlap histogramming method based on Dual-Topology Hamiltonian-Replica-Exchange simulation technique is presented to efficiently calculate relative free energy difference in rough energy landscape, in which multiple conformers coexist and are separated by large energy barriers. The proposed method is based on the realization that both DT-HERM exchan

Dzmitry M. Shyroki

To simulate open boundaries within finite computation domain, real-function coordinate transformation in the framework of generally covariant formulation of Maxwell equations is proposed. The mapping--realized with arctangent function here--has a transparent geometric meaning of pure squeezing of space, is admissible by classical electrodynamics, does not in

Timothy H. Boyer

It is suggested that an understanding of blackbody radiation within classical physics requires the presence of classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation, the restriction to relativistic (Coulomb) scattering systems, and the use of discrete charge. The contrasting scaling properties of nonrelativistic classical mechanics and classical electrodynamics are

Dzmitry M. Shyroki

A widespread, intuitive and computationally inexpensive method to analyze light guidance through waveguide bends is by introducing an equivalent straight waveguide with refractive index profile modified to account for actual waveguide bend. Here we revise the commonly used equivalent-index formula, ending up with its simple extension that enables rigorous tr

V. A. Fedotov, P. L. Mladyonov, S. L. Prosvirnin, A. V. Rogacheva

We report the first experiential observation and theoretical analysis of the new phenomenon of planar chiral circular conversion dichroism, which in some aspects resembles the Faraday effect in magnetized media, but does not require the presence of a magnetic field for its observation. It results from the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a planar

Kristian Motzek, Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Yuri S. Kivshar

We study dynamical reshaping of polychromatic beams due to collective nonlinear self-action of multiple-frequency components in periodic photonic lattices and predict the formation of polychromatic discrete solitons facilitated by localization of light in spectral gaps. We show that the self-trapping efficiency and structure of emerging polychromatic gap sol

Zbigniew Idziaszek, Grzegorz Karwasz

We analyze low-energy scattering of positrons on Ar atoms and N2 molecules using Modified Effective-Range Theory (MERT) developped by O&#39;Malley, Spruch and Rosenberg [Journal of Math. Phys. 2, 491 (1961)]. We use formulation of MERT based on exact solutions of Schroedinger equation with polarization potential rather than low-energy expansions of phase shi

Patrick De Visschere

The standard description of material media in electromagnetism is based on multipoles. It is well known that these moments depend on the point of reference chosen, except for the lowest order. It is shown that this &#34;origin dependence&#34; is not unphysical as has been claimed in the literature but forms only part of the effect of moving the point of refe

Robert L. Lucke

Treatments of Fraunhofer diffraction normally approximate the inclination factor in the diffraction integral by 1, but this is not necessary. In this paper, the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral is used and a complete description of Fraunhofer diffraction is given, with the minimum possible number of approximations made. A focused wave is examined bef

T. Baeva, S. Gordienko, A. Pukhov

High harmonic generation due to the interaction of a short ultra relativistic laser pulse with overdense plasma is studied analytically and numerically. On the basis of the ultra relativistic similarity theory we show that the high harmonic spectrum is universal, i.e. it does not depend on the interaction details. The spectrum includes the power law part $I_

M. V. Bashevoy, F. Jonsson, A. V. Krasavin, N. I. Zheludev

The injection of a beam of free 50 keV electrons into an unstructured gold surface creates a highly localized source of traveling surface plasmons with spectrum centered around 1.8 eV. The plasmons were detected by a controlled decoupling into light with a grating at a distance from the excitation point. The dominant contribution to the plasmon generation ap

E. Ben-Naim, B. Kahng, J. S. Kim

We analyze the dynamics of competitions with a large number of players. In our model, n players compete against each other and the winner is decided based on the standings: in each competition, the mth ranked player wins. We solve for the long time limit of the distribution of the number of wins for all n and m and find three different scenarios. When the be

Oksana V. Charkina, Mikhail M. Bogdan

The transition from integrable to non-integrable highly-dispersive nonlinear models is investigated. The sine-Gordon and $ϕ^4$-equations with the additional fourth-order spatial and spatio-temporal derivatives, describing the higher dispersion, and with the terms originated from nonlinear interactions are studied. The exact static and moving topological kink

M. V. Ivanchenko, O. I. Kanakov, K. G. Mishagin, S. Flach

Nonlinear interaction between normal modes dramatically affects energy equipartition, heat conduction and other fundamental processes in extended systems. In their celebrated experiment Fermi, Pasta and Ulam (FPU, 1955) observed that in simple one-dimensional nonlinear atomic chains the energy must not always be equally shared among the modes. Recently, it w

Jose A. Barrionuevo, Jacques A. L. Silva

We obtain sufficient conditions for the stability of the synchronized solutions for a class of coupled dynamical systems. This is accomplished by finding an analytical expression for the transverse Liapunov exponent through spectral analysis. We then indicate some applications to population dynamics.

Vladimir Georgescu

We define C*-algebras on a Fock space such that the Hamiltonians of quantum field models with positive mass are affiliated to them. We describe the quotient of such algebras with respect to the ideal of compact operators and deduce consequences in the spectral theory of these Hamiltonians: we compute their essential spectrum and give a systematic procedure f