March 2018 arXiv papers — page 10

Gioele Janett, Alberto Paganini

Efficient numerical approximation of the polarized radiative transfer equation is challenging because this system of ordinary differential equations exhibits stiff behavior, which potentially results in numerical instability. This negatively impacts the accuracy of formal solvers, and small step-sizes are often necessary to retrieve physical solutions. This

Mustapha Raïssouli, Shigeru Furuichi

Functional version for the so-called Furuta parametric relative operator entropy is here investigated. Some related functional inequalities are also discussed. The theoretical results obtained by our functional approach immediately imply those of operator versions in a simple, fast and nice way.

Cai Chen, Manyuan Zhang, Huanzhi Zhang, Zhenyun Huang

In recent years, a large scale of various wireless sensor networks have been deployed for basic scientific works. Massive data loss is so common that there is a great demand for data recovery. While data recovery methods fulfil the requirement of accuracy, the potential privacy leakage caused by them concerns us a lot. Thus the major challenge of sensory dat

Roman Drnovšek

We give an example of a positive element $a$ in some ordered Banach algebra $A$ such that its spectrum is equal to $\{1\}$ and it is not greater than or equal to the unit element of $A$.

Yanpei Chen, Wei Wang, Meiying Hou

We report a peculiar dynamic phenomenon in granular gases, chain structures of head-on collisions caused by the boundary heated mechanism form a network in an Airbus micro-gravity experiment and horizontal vibrated one in the laboratory, which differ markedly from the grazing-collision-dominant in randomly driven granular fluid. This new order property is an

Arindam Das

The existence of the tiny neutrino mass and the flavor mixing can be naturally explained by type-I Seesaw model which is probably the simplest extension of the Standard Model (SM) using Majorana type SM gauge singlet heavy Right Handed Neutrinos (RHNs). If the RHNs are around the Electroweak(EW)-scale having sizable mixings with the SM light neutrinos, they

Sang-Hyun Chin, Jin Woo Choi, Hee Chul Woo, Jong H. Kim

The optoelectric applications, light emitters and photovoltaics, with organometallic halide perovskite materials have been decided by dynamics of charge carriers in grains on the polycrystalline thin films. Especially, polar solvent vapour recrystallizes perovskites and changes their grain sizes. In this paper, various polar solvents were evaluated with dens

Aditya Grover, Todor Markov, Peter Attia, Norman Jin

We propose a generalization of the best arm identification problem in stochastic multi-armed bandits (MAB) to the setting where every pull of an arm is associated with delayed feedback. The delay in feedback increases the effective sample complexity of standard algorithms, but can be offset if we have access to partial feedback received before a pull is comp

Simon Macourt

We extend a bound of Roche-Newton, Shparlinski and Winterhof which says any subset of a finite field can be decomposed into two disjoint subset $\cU$ and $\cV$ of which the additive energy of $\cU$ and $f(\cV)$ are small, for suitably chosen rational functions $f$. We extend the result by proving equivalent results over multiplicative energy and the additive

Bachir Bekka, Chi-Keung Ng

Let $G$ be a locally compact group and let $C^*(G)$ and $C^*_r(G)$ be the full group $C^*$-algebra and the reduced group $C^*$-algebra of $G$. We investigate the relationship between Property $(T)$ for $G$ and Property $(T)$ as well as its strong version for $C^*(G)$ and $C^*_r(G)$. We show that $G$ has Property $(T)$ if (and only if) $C^*(G)$ has Property $

Dominic Jack, Jhony K. Pontes, Sridha Sridharan, Clinton Fookes

Representing 3D shape in deep learning frameworks in an accurate, efficient and compact manner still remains an open challenge. Most existing work addresses this issue by employing voxel-based representations. While these approaches benefit greatly from advances in computer vision by generalizing 2D convolutions to the 3D setting, they also have several cons

Kai Li, Haixiao Deng

The X-ray free-electron laser oscillator (XFELO) has recently been reconsidered a promising candidate for producing high-brightness, fully coherent pulses in the hard X-ray regime. This letter proposes a gain-guided XFELO scheme, avoiding the external focusing elements required for conventional configuration. Self-consistent theoretical analysis and three-di

Binquan Kou, Yixin Cao, Jindong Li, Chengjie Xia

We use X-ray tomography to investigate the translational and rotational dynamical heterogeneities of a three dimensional hard ellipsoids granular packing driven by oscillatory shear. We find that particles which translate quickly form clusters with a size distribution given by a power-law with an exponent that is independent of the strain amplitude. Identica

Amir Hossein Akhavan Rahnama, Mehdi Toloo, Nezer Jacob Zaidenberg

In order to find hyperparameters for a machine learning model, algorithms such as grid search or random search are used over the space of possible values of the models hyperparameters. These search algorithms opt the solution that minimizes a specific cost function. In language models, perplexity is one of the most popular cost functions. In this study, we p

Shiu-Hang Lee, Keiichi Maeda, Norita Kawanaka

Neutron star mergers (NSMs) eject energetic sub-relativistic dynamical ejecta into the circumbinary media. As analogous to supernovae and supernova remnants, the NSM dynamical ejecta are expected to produce non-thermal emission by electrons accelerated at a shock wave. In this paper, we present expected radio and X-ray signals by this mechanism, taking into

I. Barsukov, H. K. Lee, A. A. Jara, Y. -J. Chen

Magnetic damping is a key metric for emerging technologies based on magnetic nanoparticles, such as spin torque memory and high-resolution biomagnetic imaging. Despite its importance, understanding of magnetic dissipation in nanoscale ferromagnets remains elusive, and the damping is often treated as a phenomenological constant. Here we report the discovery o

Zhuo Chen, Jinyu Li, Xiong Xiao, Takuya Yoshioka

While recent progresses in neural network approaches to single-channel speech separation, or more generally the cocktail party problem, achieved significant improvement, their performance for complex mixtures is still not satisfactory. In this work, we propose a novel multi-channel framework for multi-talker separation. In the proposed model, an input multi-

Kaito Fujii, Tasuku Soma, Yuichi Yoshida

Let $G=(V,E)$ be an undirected graph, $L_G\in \mathbb{R}^{V \times V}$ be the associated Laplacian matrix, and $b \in \mathbb{R}^V$ be a vector. Solving the Laplacian system $L_G x = b$ has numerous applications in theoretical computer science, machine learning, and network analysis. Recently, the notion of the Laplacian operator $L_F:\mathbb{R}^V \to 2^{\ma

Wenrui Xu, Jeremy Goodman

We revisit linear tidal excitation of spiral density waves in the disks of cataclysmic variables (CVs), focusing on scalings with orbital Mach number in order to bridge the gap between numerical simulations and real systems. If an inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) lies within the disk, ingoing waves are robustly excited, and the angular-momentum flux they carry

Rajesh Kumar Yadav, J. Aneesh, Rituraj Sharma, P. Abhiramnath

Nonlinear optical absorption of light by materials are weak due to its perturbative nature, although a strong nonlinear response is of crucial importance to applications in optical limiting and switching. Here we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically an extremely efficient scheme of excited state absorption by charge transfer between donor and accepto

Changhao Shan, Junbo Zhang, Yujun Wang, Lei Xie

In this paper, we propose an attention-based end-to-end neural approach for small-footprint keyword spotting (KWS), which aims to simplify the pipelines of building a production-quality KWS system. Our model consists of an encoder and an attention mechanism. The encoder transforms the input signal into a high level representation using RNNs. Then the attenti

S. Shige, K. Miyasaka, W. Shi, Y. Soga

Locked intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) and large amplitude lattice spatial modes (LSMs) have been experimentally measured for a driven 1-D nonlinear cyclic electric transmission line, where the nonlinear element is a saturable capacitor. Depending on the number of cells and electrical lattice damping a LSM of fixed shape can be tuned across the modal spectr

Cai-Zhen Li, Chuan Li, Li-Xian Wang, Shuo Wang

A three-dimensional Dirac semimetal has bulk Dirac cones in all three momentum directions and Fermi arc-like surface states, and can be converted into a Weyl semimetal by breaking time-reversal symmetry. However, the highly conductive bulk state usually hides the electronic transport from the surface state in Dirac semimetal. Here, we demonstrate the supercu

Mónica Taormina, Bogumił Pilecki, Radosław Smolec

Physical parameters were recently measured for several Cepheids in eclipsing binary systems in the LMC. It is a good opportunity to compare these results with models obtained from pulsation theory. Having well determined physical parameters of the stars, we can calculate the corresponding pulsation periods for a given mode and check for instability. For star

Jing Zhang, Tong Zhang, Yuchao Dai, Mehrtash Harandi

The success of current deep saliency detection methods heavily depends on the availability of large-scale supervision in the form of per-pixel labeling. Such supervision, while labor-intensive and not always possible, tends to hinder the generalization ability of the learned models. By contrast, traditional handcrafted features based unsupervised saliency de

Joanna Meinel, Van C. Nguyen, Bregje Pauwels, Maria Julia Redondo

We determine the Gerstenhaber structure on the Hochschild cohomology ring of a class of self-injective special biserial algebras. Each of these algebras is presented as a quotient of the path algebra of a certain quiver. In degree one, we show that the cohomology is isomorphic, as a Lie algebra, to a direct sum of copies of a subquotient of the Virasoro alge

Jiyang Gao, Runzhou Ge, Kan Chen, Ram Nevatia

Video Question Answering (QA) is an important task in understanding video temporal structure. We observe that there are three unique attributes of video QA compared with image QA: (1) it deals with long sequences of images containing richer information not only in quantity but also in variety; (2) motion and appearance information are usually correlated with

Bikram Karmakar, Indranil Mukhopadhyay

Informatics and technological advancements have triggered generation of huge volume of data with varied complexity in its management and analysis. Big Data analytics is the practice of revealing hidden aspects of such data and making inferences from it. Although storage, retrieval and management of Big Data seem possible through efficient algorithm and syste

Danielle Nicolau Lara, Jairo Menezes Souza, Renato Vidal Martins

Let $C$ be an integral and projective curve; and let $C'$ be its canonical model. We study the relation between the gonality of $C$ and the dimension of a rational normal scroll $S$ where $C'$ can lie on. We are mainly interested in the case where $C$ is singular, or even non-Gorenstein, in which case $C'\not\cong C$. We first analyze some proper

Beatrix Schunke, Kaya Imre, Kurt S. Riedel

The temperature and density profiles of the Joint European Torus are parameterized using log-additive models in the control variables. Predictive error criteria are used to determine which terms in the log-linear model to include. The density and temperature profiles are normalised to their line averages ($\bar{n}$ and $\bar{T}$). The normalised Ohmic densit

Sebastian Kurtek, Tom Needham

In the shape analysis approach to computer vision problems, one treats shapes as points in an infinite-dimensional Riemannian manifold, thereby facilitating algorithms for statistical calculations such as geodesic distance between shapes and averaging of a collection of shapes. The performance of these algorithms depends heavily on the choice of the Riemanni

Agrim Gupta, Justin Johnson, Li Fei-Fei, Silvio Savarese

Understanding human motion behavior is critical for autonomous moving platforms (like self-driving cars and social robots) if they are to navigate human-centric environments. This is challenging because human motion is inherently multimodal: given a history of human motion paths, there are many socially plausible ways that people could move in the future. We

Yu Gu, Qimei Cui, Yu Chen, Wei Ni

Ultra-dense networks (UDNs) provide a promising paradigm to cope with exponentially increasing mobile traffic. However, little work has to date considered unsaturated traffic with quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. This paper presents a new cross-layer analytical model to capture the unsaturated traffic of a UDN in the presence of QoS requirements. The e

X. Sun, E. Adamek, B. Allgeier, M. Blatnik

It has been proposed recently that a previously unobserved neutron decay branch to a dark matter particle ($χ$) could account for the discrepancy in the neutron lifetime observed in experiments that use two different measurement techniques. One of the possible final states discussed includes a single $χ$ along with an $e^{+}e^{-}$ pair. We use data from the

Sai Ma, Qingxiao Guan, Xianfeng Zhao, Yaqi Liu

Recently, the application of deep learning in steganalysis has drawn many researchers' attention. Most of the proposed steganalytic deep learning models are derived from neural networks applied in computer vision. These kinds of neural networks have distinguished performance. However, all these kinds of back-propagation based neural networks may be cheat

Kostas Hatalis, Shalinee Kishore, Katya Scheinberg, Alberto Lamadrid

Uncertainty analysis in the form of probabilistic forecasting can provide significant improvements in decision-making processes in the smart power grid for better integrating renewable energies such as wind. Whereas point forecasting provides a single expected value, probabilistic forecasts provide more information in the form of quantiles, prediction interv

Kouki Hirosawa, Kazunori Akai, Eizi Ezura, Tetsuya Kobayashi

SuperKEKB is an asymmetric electron-positron circular collider based on nano-beam scheme at interaction region and large beam current. Large beam current makes growth rates of longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities (LCBI) large. Especially some lowest modes near accelerating frequency are serious. On the design parameter for SuperKEKB, $μ$ = -1, -2, -3 mod

Chuchu Chen, Jialin Hong, Lihai Ji

In this paper, we propose a stochastic conformal multi-symplectic method for a class of damped stochastic Hamiltonian partial differential equations in order to inherit the intrinsic properties, and apply the numerical method to solve a kind of damped stochastic nonlinear Schrodinger equation with multiplicative noise. It is shown that the stochastic conform

Aaron Yeiser, Advisor Alex Townsend

When numerically solving partial differential equations (PDEs), the first step is often to discretize the geometry using a mesh and to solve a corresponding discretization of the PDE. Standard finite and spectral element methods require that the underlying mesh has no skinny elements for numerical stability. Here, we develop a novel spectral element method t

N. H. Sweilam, M. M. Abou Hasan

In this paper, a novel formula expressing explicitly the fractional-order derivatives, in the sense of Riesz-Feller operator, of Jacobi polynomials is presented. Jacobi spectral collocation method together with trapezoidal rule are used to reduce the fractional Lévy-Feller advection-dispersion equation (LFADE) to a system of algebraic equations which greatly

Jesus E. Contreras-Ocaña, Uzma Siddiqi, Baosen Zhang

Distributed energy resources (DERs) can serve as non-wire alternatives to capacity expansion by managing peak load to avoid or defer traditional expansion projects. In this paper, we study a planning problem that co-optimizes DERs investment and operation (e.g., energy efficiency, energy storage, demand response, solar photovoltaic) and the timing of capacit

Andrew Leach, Kevin K. Lin, Matthias Morzfeld

We study a class of importance sampling methods for stochastic differential equations (SDEs). A small-noise analysis is performed, and the results suggest that a simple symmetrization procedure can significantly improve the performance of our importance sampling schemes when the noise is not too large. We demonstrate that this is indeed the case for a number

Javier S. Turek, Alexander Huth

Geodesic distance matrices can reveal shape properties that are largely invariant to non-rigid deformations, and thus are often used to analyze and represent 3-D shapes. However, these matrices grow quadratically with the number of points. Thus for large point sets it is common to use a low-rank approximation to the distance matrix, which fits in memory and

Gopal Krishna Kamath, Krishna Jagannathan, Gaurav Raina

Reaction delays play an important role in determining the qualitative dynamical properties of a platoon of vehicles traversing a straight road. In this paper, we investigate the impact of delayed feedback on the dynamics of the Classical Car-Following Model (CCFM). Specifically, we analyze the CCFM in no delay, small delay and arbitrary delay regimes. First,

Eskil Hansen, Erik Henningsson

We analyze temporal approximation schemes based on overlapping domain decompositions. As such schemes enable computations on parallel and distributed hardware, they are commonly used when integrating large-scale parabolic systems. Our analysis is conducted by first casting the domain decomposition procedure into a variational framework based on weighted Sobo

Alessandro Casini, Pierre Perron

For a partial structural change in a linear regression model with a single break, we develop a continuous record asymptotic framework to build inference methods for the break date. We have T observations with a sampling frequency h over a fixed time horizon [0, N] , and let T with h 0 while keeping the time span N fixed. We impose very mild regularity condit

Yury Belousov, Andrei Malyutin

We study decomposition into simple arcs (i. e., arcs without self-intersections) for diagrams of knots and spatial graphs. In this paper, it is proved in particular that if no edge of a finite spatial graph $G$ is a knotted loop, then there exists a plane diagram $D$ of $G$ such that (i) each edge of $G$ is represented by a simple arc of $D$ and (ii) each ve

Christopher Kennedy, Rachel Ward

Recent results have proven the minimax optimality of LASSO and related algorithms for noisy linear regression. However, these results tend to rely on variance estimators that are inefficient or optimizations that are slower than LASSO itself. We propose an efficient estimator for the noise variance in high dimensional linear regression that is faster than LA

Yong-Cheol Kim

In this paper, applying the De Giorgi method, we obtain nonlocal Harnack inequalities for weak solutions of nonlocal parabolic equations given by an integro-differential operator $\rL_K$ as follows; \begin{equation*}\begin{cases} \rL_K u+\pa_t u=0 &\text{ in $\Om\times(-T,0]$ } u=g &\text{ in $\bigl((\BR^n\s\Om)\times (-T,0]\bigr)\cup\bigl(\Om\times\{t=-T\}\

Nassif Ghoussoub, Young-Heon Kim, Aaron Zeff Palmer

We consider optimal transport problems where the cost is optimized over controlled dynamics and the end time is free. Unlike the classical setting, the search for optimal transport plans also requires the identification of optimal "stopping plans," and the corresponding Monge-Kantorovich duality involves the resolution of a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman qu

Michele D. Simoni, Kara M. Kockelman, Krishna M. Gurumurthy, Joschka Bischoff

The introduction of autonomous (self-driving) and shared autonomous vehicles (AVs and SAVs) will affect travel destinations and distances, mode choice, and congestion. From a traffic perspective, although some congestion reduction may be achieved (thanks to fewer crashes and tighter headways), car-trip frequencies and vehicle miles traveled (VMT) are likely

Alessandro Casini, Pierre Perron

Under the classical long-span asymptotic framework we develop a class of Generalized Laplace (GL) inference methods for the change-point dates in a linear time series regression model with multiple structural changes analyzed in, e.g., Bai and Perron (1998). The GL estimator is defined by an integration rather than optimization-based method and relies on the

Pierre Baldi, Roman Vershynin

A simple way to generate a Boolean function is to take the sign of a real polynomial in $n$ variables. Such Boolean functions are called polynomial threshold functions. How many low-degree polynomial threshold functions are there? The partial case of this problem for degree $d=1$ was solved by Zuev in 1989, who showed that the number $T(n,1)$ of linear thres

David Radice, Albino Perego, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Bing Zhang

Massive neutron star (NS) with lifetimes of at least several seconds are expected to be the result of a sizable fraction of NS mergers. We study their formation using a large set of numerical relativity simulations. We show that they are initially endowed with angular momentum that significantly exceeds the mass-shedding limit for rigidly-rotating equilibria

Dragana Ilic, Alla I. Shapovalova, Luka C. Popovic, Vahram Chavushyan

We present the results of the long-term optical monitoring campaign of active galactic nuclei (AGN) coordinated by the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science. This campaign has produced a remarkable set of optical spectra, since we have monitored for several decades different types of broad-line (type 1) AGN, from a Seyfert 1, do

Eugenio Bianchi, Hal M. Haggard

Due to quantum fluctuations, a black hole of mass $M$ represents an average over an ensemble of black hole geometries with angular momentum. This observation is apparently at odds with the fact that the curvature singularity inside a rotating black hole is timelike, while the one inside a non-rotating black hole is spacelike. Is the average of timelike singu

Luca Banszerus, Benedikt Frohn, Alexander Epping, Daniel Neumaier

We present gate-controlled single, double, and triple dot operation in electrostatically gapped bilayer graphene. Thanks to the recent advancements in sample fabrication, which include the encapsulation of bilayer graphene in hexagonal boron nitride and the use of graphite gates, it has become possible to electrostatically confine carriers in bilayer graphen

Alexandre G. R. Day, Marin Bukov, Phillip Weinberg, Pankaj Mehta

We study the problem of preparing a quantum many-body system from an initial to a target state by optimizing the fidelity over the family of bang-bang protocols. We present compelling numerical evidence for a universal spin-glass-like transition controlled by the protocol time duration. The glassy critical point is marked by a proliferation of protocols with

Ulrich Menne

For distributions, we build a theory of higher order pointwise differentiability comprising, for order zero, Łojasiewicz's notion of point value. Results include Borel regularity of differentials, higher order rectifiability of the associated jets, a Rademacher-Stepanov type differentiability theorem, and a Lusin type approximation. A substantial part of

Thiago Nascimento, Umberto Rivieccio, Joao Marcos, Matthew Spinks

Besides the better-known Nelson logic (N3) and paraconsistent logic (N4), in 1959 David Nelson introduced, with motivations of realizability and constructibility, a logic called S. The logic S was originally presented by means of a calculus (crucially lacking the contraction rule) with infinitely many rule schemata and no semantics (other than the intended i

Yannick Hold-Geoffroy, Paulo F. U. Gotardo, Jean-François Lalonde

Photometric Stereo (PS) under outdoor illumination remains a challenging, ill-posed problem due to insufficient variability in illumination. Months-long capture sessions are typically used in this setup, with little success on shorter, single-day time intervals. In this paper, we investigate the solution of outdoor PS over a single day, under different weath

Mingjun Gao, Yongzhao Li, Octavia A. Dobre, Naofal Al-Dhahir

Blind enumeration of the number of transmit antennas and blind identification of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) schemes are two pivotal steps in MIMO signal identification for both military and commercial applications. Conventional approaches treat them as two independent problems, namely the source number enumeration and the presence detection of spa

Maximilian Schäfer, Wayan Wicke, Rudolf Rabenstein, Robert Schober

This paper considers particle propagation in a cylindrical molecular communication channel, e.g. a simplified model of a blood vessel. Emitted particles are influenced by diffusion, flow, and a vertical force induced e.g. by gravity or magnetism. The dynamics of the diffusion process are modeled by multi-dimensional transfer functions in a spatio-temporal fr

Thiago Nascimento, Umberto Rivieccio, João Marcos, Matthew Spinks

Besides the better-known Nelson's Logic and Paraconsistent Nelson's Logic, in "Negation and separation of concepts in constructive systems" (1959), David Nelson introduced a logic called S with the aim of analyzing the constructive content of provable negation statements in mathematics. Motivated by results from Kleene, in "On the Interpr

Yu Cheng, Rong Ge

Matrix completion is a well-studied problem with many machine learning applications. In practice, the problem is often solved by non-convex optimization algorithms. However, the current theoretical analysis for non-convex algorithms relies heavily on the assumption that every entry is observed with exactly the same probability $p$, which is not realistic in

Elisa Gorla, Relinde Jurrius, Hiram H. López, Alberto Ravagnani

This paper contributes to the study of rank-metric codes from an algebraic and combinatorial point of view. We introduce $q$-polymatroids, the $q$-analogue of polymatroids, and develop their basic properties. We associate a pair of q-polymatroids to a rank-metric codes and show that several invariants and structural properties of the code, such as generalize

Sebastiaan A. Terwijn

We consider two generalizations of the recursion theorem, namely Visser's ADN theorem and Arslanov's completeness criterion, and we prove a joint generalization of these theorems.

S. Grundmann, F. Trinter, A. W. Bray, S. Eckart

We report on a kinematically complete measurement of double ionization of helium by a single 1100 eV circularly polarized photon. By exploiting dipole selection rules in the two-electron continuum state, we observed the angular emission pattern of electrons originating from a pure quadrupole transition. Our fully differential experimental data and companion

Uri Shaham, James Garritano, Yutaro Yamada, Ethan Weinberger

We study the effectiveness of various approaches that defend against adversarial attacks on deep networks via manipulations based on basis function representations of images. Specifically, we experiment with low-pass filtering, PCA, JPEG compression, low resolution wavelet approximation, and soft-thresholding. We evaluate these defense techniques using three

Yao Wang, Jun Gao, Xiao-Ling Pang, Zhi-Qiang Jiao

The gaps separating two different states widely exist in various physical systems: from the electrons in periodic lattices to the analogs in photonic, phononic, plasmonic systems, and even quasicrystals. Recently, a thermalization gap, an inaccessible range of photon statistics, was proposed for light in disordered structures [Nat. Phys. 11, 930 (2015)], whi

Nikolaos Passalis, Anastasios Tefas

Knowledge Transfer (KT) techniques tackle the problem of transferring the knowledge from a large and complex neural network into a smaller and faster one. However, existing KT methods are tailored towards classification tasks and they cannot be used efficiently for other representation learning tasks. In this paper a novel knowledge transfer technique, that

Weikang Wang, David A. Taft, Yi-Jiun Chen, Jingyu Zhang

Single cell segmentation is critical and challenging in live cell imaging data analysis. Traditional image processing methods and tools require time-consuming and labor-intensive efforts of manually fine-tuning parameters. Slight variations of image setting may lead to poor segmentation results. Recent development of deep convolutional neural networks(CNN) p

Kiana Ehsani, Hessam Bagherinezhad, Joseph Redmon, Roozbeh Mottaghi

We introduce the task of directly modeling a visually intelligent agent. Computer vision typically focuses on solving various subtasks related to visual intelligence. We depart from this standard approach to computer vision; instead we directly model a visually intelligent agent. Our model takes visual information as input and directly predicts the actions o

J. D. McNeal, J. Xiong

A classical observation of Riesz says that truncations of a general $\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n z^n$ in the Hardy space $H^1$ do not converge in $H^1$. A substitute positive result is proved: these partial sums always converge in the Bergman norm $A^1$. The result is extended to complete Reinhardt domains in $\C^n$. A new proof of the failure of $H^1$ convergence

David C. Luo

The abundancy index of a positive integer is the ratio between the sum of its divisors and itself. We generalize previous results on abundancy indices by defining a two-variable abundancy index function as $I(x,n)\colon\mathbb{Z^+}\times\mathbb{Z^+}\to\mathbb{Q}$ where $I(x,n)=\frac{σ_x(n)}{n^x}$. Specifically, we extend limiting properties of the abundancy

Shayak Sen, Piotr Mardziel, Anupam Datta, Matthew Fredrikson

Causal influence measures for machine learnt classifiers shed light on the reasons behind classification, and aid in identifying influential input features and revealing their biases. However, such analyses involve evaluating the classifier using datapoints that may be atypical of its training distribution. Standard methods for training classifiers that mini

Ryosuke Hirai, Philipp Podsiadlowski, Shoichi Yamada

We carry out a comprehensive study of supernova ejecta-companion interaction in massive binary systems. We aim to physically understand the kinematics of the interaction and predict observational signatures. To do this we perform simulations over a vast parameter space of binary configurations, varying the masses of the progenitor and companion, structure of

Qian Chen, Yongge Ma

A crucial property of Weyl gravity is its conformal invariance. It is shown how this gauge symmetry is exactly reflected by the two constraints in the Hamiltonian framework. Since the spatial 3-metric is one of the configuration variables, the phase space of Weyl gravity can be extended to include internal gauge freedom by triad formalism. Moreover, by canon

Liang Chen, Xudong Li, Defeng Sun, Kim-Chuan Toh

In this paper, we show that for a class of linearly constrained convex composite optimization problems, an (inexact) symmetric Gauss-Seidel based majorized multi-block proximal alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is equivalent to an {\em inexact} proximal augmented Lagrangian method (ALM). This equivalence not only provides new perspectives fo

Viveka Erlandsson, Caglar Uyanik

The aim of this (mostly expository) article is twofold. We first explore a variety of length functions on the space of currents, and we survey recent work regarding applications of length functions to counting problems. Secondly, we use length functions to provide a proof of a folklore theorem which states that pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms of closed hyperbol

Jan Kretzschmar

In this contribution to the volume "From My Vast Repertoire -- The Legacy of Guido Altarelli" I discuss selected topics of Standard Model (SM) physics at the LHC and their connection to the work of Guido Altarelli. An overarching connection is given by Guido's fundamental contributions to our understanding of the strong force, parton distribution

Janoš Vidali

A package for the Sage computer algebra system is developed for checking feasibility of a given intersection array for a distance-regular graph. We use this tool to show that there is no distance-regular graph with intersection array $\{(2r+1)(4r+1)(4t-1), 8r(4rt-r+2t), (r+t)(4r+1); 1, (r+t)(4r+1), 4r(2r+1)(4t-1)\}$ ($r, t \ge 1$), $\{135, 128, 16; 1, 16, 12

Kazuya Yonekura

In the framework of Atiyah's axioms of topological quantum field theory with unitarity, we give a direct proof of the fact that symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases without Hall effects are classified by cobordism invariants. We first show that the partition functions of those theories are cobordism invariants after a tuning of the Euler term. Con

A. Liam Fitzpatrick, Jared Kaplan, Emanuel Katz, Lorenzo G. Vitale

We present a prescription for an effective lightcone (LC) Hamiltonian that includes the effects of zero modes, focusing on the case of Conformal Field Theories (CFTs) deformed by relevant operators. We show how the prescription resolves a number of issues with LC quantization, including i) the apparent non-renormalization of the vacuum, ii) discrepancies in

George F R Ellis

A conflict exists between field biologists and physiologists ("functional biologists" or "evolutionary ecologists") on the one hand and those working in molecular evolution ("evolutionary biologists" or "population geneticists") on the other concerns the relative importance of natural selection and genetic drift. This paper is

Masha Baryakhtar, Junwu Huang, Robert Lasenby

A well-motivated class of dark matter candidates, including axions and dark photons, takes the form of coherent oscillations of a light bosonic field. If the dark matter couples to Standard Model states, it may be possible to detect it via absorptions in a laboratory target. Current experiments of this kind include cavity-based resonators that convert bosoni

Sven Bjarke Gudnason, Muneto Nitta

Higher-order derivative terms are considered as replacement for the Skyrme term in an Einstein-Skyrme-like model in order to pinpoint which properties are necessary for a black hole to possess stable static scalar hair. We find two new models able to support stable black hole hair in the limit of the Skyrme term being turned off. They contain 8 and 12 deriva

Michael Geller, Anson Hook, Raman Sundrum, Yuhsin Tsai

Phase transitions in the early universe can readily create an observable stochastic gravitational wave background. We show that such a background necessarily contains anisotropies analogous to those of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) of photons, and that these too may be within reach of proposed gravitational wave detectors. Correlations within the gra

Kyoung-Whan Kim, Seo-Won Lee, Jung-Hwan Moon, Gyungchoon Go

We demonstrate a unidirectional motion of a quasiparticle without an explicit symmetry breaking along the space-time coordinate of the particle motion. This counterintuitive behavior originates from a combined action of two intrinsic asymmetries in the other two directions. We realize this idea with the magnon-driven motion of a magnetic domain wall in thin

Richard Nally

The microscopic spectrum of half-BPS excitations in toroidally compactified heterotic string theory has been computed exactly through the use of results from analytic number theory. Recently, similar quantities have been understood macroscopically by evaluating the gravitational path integral on the M-theory lift of the AdS2 near-horizon geometry of the corr

Hans Bantilan, Takaaki Ishii, Paul Romatschke

We consider phenomenological consequences arising from simple analytic solutions for holographic heavy-ion collisions. For these solutions, early-time longitudinal flow is initially negative (inward), sizable direct, elliptic, and quadrangular flow is generated, and the average vorticity of the system is tunable by a single parameter. Despite large vorticity

Stefano Camera, José Fonseca, Roy Maartens, Mário G. Santos

The angular power spectrum is a gauge-independent observable that is in principle the natural tool for analysing galaxy number counts. In practice, the problem is that the computational requirements for next-generation spectroscopic surveys such as Euclid and the Square Kilometre Array are currently unfeasible. We propose a new method to save computational t

Marvin S. Mueller

We consider approximations of the Stefan-type condition by imbalances of volume closely around the inner interface and study convergence of the solutions of the corresponding semilinear stochastic moving boundary problems. After a coordinate transformation, the problems can be reformulated as stochastic evolution equations on fractional power domains of line

Samuel J. Harris, Se-Jin Kim

In this paper we introduce the crossed product construction for a discrete group action on an operator system. In analogy to the work of E. Katsoulis and C. Ramsey, we describe three canonical crossed products arising from such a dynamical system. We describe how these crossed product constructions behave under $G$-equivariant maps, tensor products, and the

Philip B. Allen, Vasili Perebeinos

In nonmagnetic insulators, phonons are the carriers of heat. If heat enters in a region and temperature is measured at a point within phonon mean free paths of the heated region, ballistic propagation causes a nonlocal relation between local temperature and heat insertion. This paper focusses on the solution of the exact Peierls-Boltzmann equation (PBE), the

Andreas P. Braun, Sakura Schafer-Nameki

M-theory on compact eight-manifolds with $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$-holonomy is a framework for geometric engineering of 3d $\mathcal{N}=1$ gauge theories coupled to gravity. We propose a new construction of such $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$-manifolds, based on a generalized connected sum, where the building blocks are a Calabi-Yau four-fold and a $G_2$-holonomy manifold time

Cevahir Kilic, Frank Lunkeit, Christoph C. Raible, Thomas F. Stocker

Various climate states at high obliquity are realized for a range of stellar irradiance using a dynamical atmosphere-ocean-sea ice climate model in an Aquaplanet configuration. Three stable climate states are obtained that differ in the extent of the sea ice cover. For low values of irradiance the model simulates a Cryoplanet that has a perennial global sea

Vasileios Belagiannis, Azade Farshad, Fabio Galasso

Neural network compression has recently received much attention due to the computational requirements of modern deep models. In this work, our objective is to transfer knowledge from a deep and accurate model to a smaller one. Our contributions are threefold: (i) we propose an adversarial network compression approach to train the small student network to mim

Erlis Ruli

Recently, many authors have cast doubts on the validity of ABC model choice. It has been shown that the use of sufficient statistic in ABC model selection leads, apart from few exceptional cases in which the sufficient statistic is also cross-model sufficient, to unreliable results. In a single model context and given a sufficient summary statistic, we show

Tara Brough, Alan J. Cain, Victor Maltcev

Using a construction that builds a monoid from a monoid action, this paper exhibits an example of a direct product of monoids that admits a prefix-closed regular cross-section, but one of whose factors does not admit a regular cross-section; this answers negatively an open question from the theory of Markov monoids. The same construction is then used to show